The plan of Chicago
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Arguably the most influential document in the history of urban planning, Daniel Burnham’s 1909 Plan of Chicago, coauthored by Edward Bennett and produced in collaboration with the Commercial Club of Chicago, proposed many of the city’s most distinctive features, including its lakefront parks and roadways, the Magnificent Mile, and Navy Pier. Carl Smith’s history reveals(...)
The plan of Chicago
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Arguably the most influential document in the history of urban planning, Daniel Burnham’s 1909 Plan of Chicago, coauthored by Edward Bennett and produced in collaboration with the Commercial Club of Chicago, proposed many of the city’s most distinctive features, including its lakefront parks and roadways, the Magnificent Mile, and Navy Pier. Carl Smith’s history reveals the Plan’s central role in shaping the ways people envision the cityscape and urban life itself. Smith’s narrative begins with a survey of Chicago’s stunning rise from a tiny frontier settlement to the nation’s second-largest city. He then offers an illuminating exploration of the Plan’s creation and reveals how it embodies the renowned architect’s belief that cities can and must be remade for the better. The Plan defined the City Beautiful movement and was the first comprehensive attempt to reimagine a major American city. Smith points out the ways the Plan continues to influence debates, even a century after its publication, about how to create a vibrant and habitable urban environment.
Urban Theory
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Rapid urban growth and suburban sprawl have heightened concern in many quarters about sustainable development. Are economic growth and environmental health always mutually exclusive goals? Nearly everyone would choose to pursue both given the chance, but many believe that it would be overly optimistic — perhaps naïve — to expect both. "Green city" proponents, however, do(...)
Green cities : urban growth and the environment
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Rapid urban growth and suburban sprawl have heightened concern in many quarters about sustainable development. Are economic growth and environmental health always mutually exclusive goals? Nearly everyone would choose to pursue both given the chance, but many believe that it would be overly optimistic — perhaps naïve — to expect both. "Green city" proponents, however, do hope to realize both ambitions. What exactly is a green city? What does it mean to say that San Francisco is greener than Houston, or that Vancouver is a green city while Beijing is not? When does urban growth lower environmental quality, and when does it produce environmental gains? These are the questions that drive this smart and engaging book. In "Green cities", Matthew Kahn surveys the burgeoning economic literature on the environmental consequences of urban growth. He discusses the environmental Kuznets curve, which theorizes that the relationship between environmental quality and per capita income follows a bell-shaped curve. The heart of the book unpacks and expands this notion by tracing the environmental effects of economic growth, population growth, and suburban sprawl. Kahn considers how cities can deal with the environmental challenges produced by growth. His concluding chapter addresses the role of cities in promoting climate change and asks how cities in turn are likely to be affected by this trend. Kahn considers the evidence for and against rival perspectives throughout the book. Despite being labeled as purveyors of a "dismal science," economists are often quite optimistic about the relationship between urban development and the environment. In contrast, many ecologists remain wary of the environmental consequences of free-market growth. "Green cities" does not try to settle this dispute. Instead, it marshals data and arguments to convey the excitement of an ongoing debate, enabling readers to formulate well-informed opinions and priorities on this critically important issue.
Urban Theory
La revanche des villes
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"On a longtemps pensé que l’ère des villes était close : victimes de la postmodernité et de la fin de l’industrialisation, rendues caduques par l’avènement de la communication en réseaux, elles auraient été supplantées par la souplesse des flux. Or notre époque est au contraire celle de la revanche des villes : non seulement les villes persistent, mais elles renforcent(...)
La revanche des villes
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"On a longtemps pensé que l’ère des villes était close : victimes de la postmodernité et de la fin de l’industrialisation, rendues caduques par l’avènement de la communication en réseaux, elles auraient été supplantées par la souplesse des flux. Or notre époque est au contraire celle de la revanche des villes : non seulement les villes persistent, mais elles renforcent leur identité et leur emprise. Plus que jamais s’impose une nouvelle civilisation urbaine : il y avait 800 millions d’urbains en 1950, 5 milliards sont prévus en 2030. Si la ville est bien l’un des acteurs majeurs de la mondialisation, le développement de l’emploi, l’équilibre social résidentiel, la sécurité des habitants, la gestion des mobilités, la sauvegarde de l’environnement s’affirment comme des objectifs communs à toutes les grandes villes contemporaines, du Nord comme du Sud. Plus centrales, davantage soumises à une exigence de participation des habitants, nos villes sont en outre plus vulnérables, au point de devenir parfois la cible de nouvelles formes de terrorisme. Comment dès lors parvenir à un gouvernement de la ville qui puisse assumer ces défis tout en faisant droit à une exigence démocratique renouvelée?"
Urban Theory
books
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Les journées rencontre «Réinventer le territoire par l'architecture» ont été portées par le refus de l'autisme, cette maladie maligne des établissements de formation tentés par le repli sur eux-mêmes. En partageant un bout de chemin, l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Bretagne et la Région Bretagne ont découvert qu'elles avaient partie liée : un territoire(...)
Urban Theory
November 2006, Rennes
Réinventer le territoire par l'architecture
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Les journées rencontre «Réinventer le territoire par l'architecture» ont été portées par le refus de l'autisme, cette maladie maligne des établissements de formation tentés par le repli sur eux-mêmes. En partageant un bout de chemin, l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Bretagne et la Région Bretagne ont découvert qu'elles avaient partie liée : un territoire commun, l'ardente obligation de l'investir de projets. S'est ainsi forgée une volonté partagée : côté institution de formation de contribuer à concevoir autrement les littoraux et les territoires régionaux, côté gouvernement régional de mobiliser les viviers de concepteurs et d'experts que constituent les univers des enseignants professionnels et des chercheurs. Le terme rencontre retenu vise à désigner une ambition démocratique de débats sur l'aménagement, souhaitée par les élus. Rencontre qui ne consacre ni à un quelconque retour à la bretonnité, ni au régionalisme ; elle saisit le fait littoral armoricain comme une situation limite mais non exceptionnelle : la disponibilité des espaces y est plus parcimonieuse qu'ailleurs. Rencontre fédératrice de compétences et foyer de diffusion, elle a vocation à stimuler réciproquement ceux qui pensent et ceux qui agissent sur le futur des territoires.
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November 2006, Rennes
Urban Theory
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For Siegfried Kracauer, the urban ornament was not just an aspect of design; it was the medium through which city dwellers interpreted the metropolis itself. In "Ornaments of the metropolis", Henrik Reeh traces variations on the theme of the ornament in Kracauer's writings on urbanism, from his early journalism in Germany between the wars to his "sociobiography" of(...)
Ornaments of the metropolis : Siegfried Kracuaer and the Modern urban culture
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For Siegfried Kracauer, the urban ornament was not just an aspect of design; it was the medium through which city dwellers interpreted the metropolis itself. In "Ornaments of the metropolis", Henrik Reeh traces variations on the theme of the ornament in Kracauer's writings on urbanism, from his early journalism in Germany between the wars to his "sociobiography" of Jacques Offenbach in Paris. Kracauer (1889-1966), often associated with the Frankfurt School and the intellectual milieu of Walter Benjamin, is best known for his writings on cinema and the philosophy of history. Reeh examines Kracauer's lesser-known early work, much of it written for the trendsetting newspaper Frankfurter Zeitung in the 1920s and early 1930s, and analyzes Kracauer's continuing reflections on modern urban life, through the pivotal idea of ornament. Kracauer deciphers the subjective experience of the city by viewing fragments of the city as dynamic ornaments; an employment exchange, a day shelter for the homeless, a movie theater, and an amusement park become urban microcosms. Reeh focuses on three substantial works written by Kracauer before his emigration to the United States in 1940. In the early autobiographical novel "Ginster, written by himself", a young architect finds aesthetic pleasure in the ornamental forms that are largely unused in the profession of the time. The collection "Streets of Berlin and elsewhere", with many essays from Kracauer's years in Berlin, documents the subjectiveness of urban life. Finally, "Jacques Offenbach and the Paris of his time" shows how the superficial - in a sense, ornamental - milieu of the operetta evolved into a critical force during the Second Empire. Reeh argues that Kracauer's novel, essays, and historiography all suggest ways in which the subjective can reappropriate urban life. The book also includes a series of photographs by the author that reflect the ornamental experience of the metropolis in Paris, Frankfurt, and other cities.
Urban Theory
A field guide to sprawl
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Duck, ruburb, tower farm, big box, and pig-in-a-python are among dozens of zany terms invented to characterize land use practices and the physical elements of sprawl. This book provides the verbal and visual vocabulary needed by professionals, public officials, and citizens to critique uncontrolled growth in the American landscape.
A field guide to sprawl
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Duck, ruburb, tower farm, big box, and pig-in-a-python are among dozens of zany terms invented to characterize land use practices and the physical elements of sprawl. This book provides the verbal and visual vocabulary needed by professionals, public officials, and citizens to critique uncontrolled growth in the American landscape.
Urban Theory
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This new edition of Mike Davis’s work gives an update on Los Angeles as the city hits the 21st century. No metropolis has been more loved or more hated. To its official boosters, “Los Angeles brings it all together.” To detractors, LA is a sunlit mortuary where “you can rot without feeling it.” To Mike Davis, the author of this wide-ranging work of social history, Los(...)
City of quartz : excavating the future in Los Angeles, new edition
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This new edition of Mike Davis’s work gives an update on Los Angeles as the city hits the 21st century. No metropolis has been more loved or more hated. To its official boosters, “Los Angeles brings it all together.” To detractors, LA is a sunlit mortuary where “you can rot without feeling it.” To Mike Davis, the author of this wide-ranging work of social history, Los Angeles is both utopia and dystopia, a place where the last Joshua trees are being plowed under to make room for model communities in the desert, where the rich have hired their own police to fend off street gangs, as well as armed Beirut militias. In "City of quartz", Davis reconstructs LA’s shadow history and dissects its ethereal economy. He tells us who has the power and how they hold on to it. He gives us a city of Dickensian extremes, Pynchonesque conspiracies, and a desperation straight out of Nathaniel West—a city in which we may glimpse our own future mirrored with terrifying clarity. In this new edition, Davis provides an update on the city’s current status.
Urban Theory
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Europan is a biennial competition for architects and architecture students under the age of 40 that looks for innovative housing designs for real, specific sites across Europe. Guidelines encourage participants to address social and economic changes occurring around their sites, and, for this eighth Europan, that’s 74 properties across the continent. This year’s theme of(...)
Urban Theory
January 1900, Rotterdam
Europan 8 in the Netherland : European urbanity and strategic projects
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Europan is a biennial competition for architects and architecture students under the age of 40 that looks for innovative housing designs for real, specific sites across Europe. Guidelines encourage participants to address social and economic changes occurring around their sites, and, for this eighth Europan, that’s 74 properties across the continent. This year’s theme of "European urbanity and strategic projects" drew, for the six sites in the Netherlands alone, nearly 160 designs. Europan 8 offers a complete overview of the winning plans for the Dutch sites, including models, plans, sketches and interviews with the designers. The project section is complemented by descriptions of the six sites, an essay about the central theme, and a critique of the entries from a European perspective. An additional CD-ROM contains all other entries along with the prizewinning designs.
Urban Theory
L'urbanisation du monde
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Le monde ne cesse de s'urbaniser. Les pays développés sont très largement urbains, les trois quarts de leurs habitants vivant dans des villes. Si les taux d'urbanisation des pays en développement sont bien moindres, ces pays abritent plus de deux milliards de citadins, sur les quelque trois milliards que compte la planète. Croissance urbaine et développement économique(...)
L'urbanisation du monde
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Le monde ne cesse de s'urbaniser. Les pays développés sont très largement urbains, les trois quarts de leurs habitants vivant dans des villes. Si les taux d'urbanisation des pays en développement sont bien moindres, ces pays abritent plus de deux milliards de citadins, sur les quelque trois milliards que compte la planète. Croissance urbaine et développement économique sont longtemps allés de pair. Aujourd'hui, les interactions ne sont plus toujours positives, en particulier dans les pays pauvres, où l'urbanisation semble un phénomène largement autonome. Un développement durable de la planète suppose certes de meilleures conditions de vie en milieu urbain mais aussi d'autres modes de vie, plus respectueux de l'environnement tant local que global. C'est une des conditions d'existence de " villes durables ".
Urban Theory
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"Picturing the city" takes a look at the group of urban realists known as the Ashcan School, and at the booming cultures of vision and representation in early twentieth-century New York. Offering insights into the development of modern cities and modern art in America, Rebecca Zurier considers what it meant to live in a city where strangers habitually watched each other(...)
Urban Theory
June 2006, Berkeley / Los Angeles / London
Picturing the city : urban vision and the Ashcan school
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"Picturing the city" takes a look at the group of urban realists known as the Ashcan School, and at the booming cultures of vision and representation in early twentieth-century New York. Offering insights into the development of modern cities and modern art in America, Rebecca Zurier considers what it meant to live in a city where strangers habitually watched each other and public life seemed to consist of continual display, as new classes of immigrants and working women claimed their places in the metropolis. Through her study of six artists - George Bellows, William Glackens, Robert Henri, George Luks, Everett Shinn, and John Sloan, Zurier illuminates the quest for new forms of realism to describe changes in urban life, commercial culture, and codes of social conduct in the early 1900s. Synthesizing visual and literary analysis with urban cultural history, "Picturing the city" focuses new attention on the materiality and design process of pictures. The author scrutinizes many manner of visual activity, from the pandemonium of comics to the mise-en-scene of early movies, from the mark of an individual pen stroke to a glance on the street, from illustrators' manuals to ambitious paintings that became icons of American art.
Urban Theory