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Industrialization created cities of Dickensian squalor that were crowded, smoky, dirty, and disease-ridden. By the beginning of the twentieth century, urban visionaries were looking for ways to improve living and working conditions in industrial cities. In "Invented Edens", Robert Kargon and Arthur Molella trace the arc of one form of urban design, which they term the(...)
Green Architecture
October 2005, Cambridge (MA), London
Invented Edens : techno-cities of the twentieth century
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Industrialization created cities of Dickensian squalor that were crowded, smoky, dirty, and disease-ridden. By the beginning of the twentieth century, urban visionaries were looking for ways to improve living and working conditions in industrial cities. In "Invented Edens", Robert Kargon and Arthur Molella trace the arc of one form of urban design, which they term the techno-city : a planned city developed in conjunction with large industrial or technological enterprises, blending the technological and the pastoral, the mill town and the garden city. Techno-cities of the twentieth century range from factory towns in Mussolini's Italy to the Disney creation of Celebration, Florida. Kargon and Molella show that the techno-city represents an experiment in integrating modern technology into the world of ideal life. Techno-cities mirror society's understanding of current technologies and, at the same time, seek to regain the lost virtues of the edenic pre-industrial village. The idea of the techno-city transcended ideologies, crossed national borders, and spanned the entire twentieth century. Kargon and Molella map the concept through a series of exemplars. These include Norris, Tennessee, home to the Tennessee Valley Authority; Torviscosa, Italy, built by Italy's Fascist government to accommodate synthetic textile manufacturing (and featured in an early short by Michelangelo Antonioni); Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela, planned by a team from MIT and Harvard; and, finally, Disney's Celebration - perhaps the ultimate techno-city, a fantasy city reflecting an era in which virtual experiences are rapidly replacing actual ones.
Green Architecture
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New York City is home to some of the most recognizable places in the world. As familiar as the sight of New Year’s Eve in Times Square or a protest in front of City Hall may be to us, do we understand who controls what happens there? Kristine Miller delves into six of New York’s most important public spaces to trace how design influences their complicated lives. Miller(...)
Designs on the Public : The private lives of New York's public spaces
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New York City is home to some of the most recognizable places in the world. As familiar as the sight of New Year’s Eve in Times Square or a protest in front of City Hall may be to us, do we understand who controls what happens there? Kristine Miller delves into six of New York’s most important public spaces to trace how design influences their complicated lives. Miller chronicles controversies in the histories of New York locations including Times Square, Trump Tower, the IBM Atrium, and Sony Plaza. The story of each location reveals that public space is not a concrete or fixed reality, but rather a constantly changing situation open to the forces of law, corporations, bureaucracy, and government. The qualities of public spaces we consider essential, including accessibility, public ownership, and ties to democratic life, are, at best, temporary conditions and often completely absent. Design is, in Miller’s view, complicit in regulation of public spaces in New York City to exclude undesirables, restrict activities, and privilege commercial interests, and in this work she shows how design can reactivate public space and public life.
Urban Theory
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Toronto sprawls
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With a landmass spanning approximately 7000 square kilometres and a population of roughly five million, the Greater Toronto Area is Canada’s largest metropolitan centre. How did a small nineteenth-century colonial capital become this sprawling urban giant, and how did government policies shape the contours of its landscape? In Toronto Sprawls, Lawrence Solomon examines(...)
Toronto sprawls
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With a landmass spanning approximately 7000 square kilometres and a population of roughly five million, the Greater Toronto Area is Canada’s largest metropolitan centre. How did a small nineteenth-century colonial capital become this sprawling urban giant, and how did government policies shape the contours of its landscape? In Toronto Sprawls, Lawrence Solomon examines the great migration from farm to the city that occurred in the last half of the nineteenth century. During this period, a disproportionate number of single women came to Toronto, while at the same time, immigration from abroad was swelling the city’s urban boundaries. Labour unions were also increasingly successful in recruiting urban workers in these years. Governments responded to these perceived threats with a series of policies designed to foster order. To promote single family dwellings conducive to the traditional family, buildings in high-density areas were razed and apartment buildings banned. To discourage returning First World War veterans from settling in cities, the government offered grants to spur rural settlement. These policies and others dispersed the city’s population and promoted sprawl. An illuminating read, Toronto Sprawls makes a convincing case that urban sprawl in Toronto was not caused by market forces, but rather policies and programs designed to disperse Toronto’s urban population.
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April 2007, Toronto
Architecture in Canada
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Japan today protects one-seventh of its land surface in parks, which are visited by well over a billion people each year. Parkscapes analyzes the origins, development, and distinctive features of these public spaces. Green zones were created by the government beginning in the late nineteenth century for state purposes but eventually evolved into sites of negotiation(...)
Parkscapes: green spaces in modern Japan
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Japan today protects one-seventh of its land surface in parks, which are visited by well over a billion people each year. Parkscapes analyzes the origins, development, and distinctive features of these public spaces. Green zones were created by the government beginning in the late nineteenth century for state purposes but eventually evolved into sites of negotiation between bureaucrats and ordinary citizens who use them for demonstrations, riots, and shelters, as well as recreation. Thomas Havens shows how revolutionary officials in the 1870s seized private properties and converted them into public parks for educating and managing citizens in the new emperor-sanctioned state. Rebuilding Tokyo and Yokohama after the earthquake and fires of 1923 spurred the spread of urban parklands both in the capital and other cities. According to Havens, the growth of suburbs, the national mobilization of World War II, and the post-1945 American occupation helped speed the creation of more urban parks, setting the stage for vast increases in public green spaces during Japan’s golden age of affluence from the 1960s through the 1980s. Since the 1990s the Japanese public has embraced a heightened ecological consciousness and become deeply involved in the design and management of both city and natural parks—realms once monopolized by government bureaucrats.
Landscape Theory
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Why Don't American Cities Burn? traces the collision of urban transformation with the rightward-moving social politics of late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century America. He shows how the bifurcation of black social structures produced a new African American inequality and traces the shift from images of a pathological black "underclass" to praise of the(...)
Why don't American cities burn?
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Why Don't American Cities Burn? traces the collision of urban transformation with the rightward-moving social politics of late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century America. He shows how the bifurcation of black social structures produced a new African American inequality and traces the shift from images of a pathological black "underclass" to praise of the entrepreneurial poor who take advantage of new technologies of poverty work to find the beginning of the path to the middle class. He explores the reasons American cities since the early 1970s have remained relatively free of collective violence while black men in bleak inner-city neighborhoods have turned their rage inward on one another rather than on the agents and symbols of a culture and political economy that exclude them. The book ends with a meditation on how the political left and right have come to believe that urban transformation is inevitably one of failure and decline abetted by the response of government to deindustrialization, poverty, and race. How, Katz asks, can we construct a new narrative that acknowledges the dark side of urban history even as it demonstrates the capacity of government to address the problems of cities and their residents? How can we create a politics of modest hope?
Urban Theory
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Description:
lxxii, 297 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm
Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press, [2024]
Longevity hubs : regional innovation for global aging / edited by Joseph F. Coughlin and Luke Yoquinto.
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lxxii, 297 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm
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Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press, [2024]
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Designated by King George V to replace Calcutta as capital of British India, New Delhi was constructed between 1912 and 1929 under the eye of architect Sir Edward Lutyens who sought to bring to this British colony a sense of classicism, order, and institutional beauty. With more than 300 colour and black and white illustrations, plans and photographs, this book presents(...)
Imperial Delhi : the British capital of the Indian Empire
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Designated by King George V to replace Calcutta as capital of British India, New Delhi was constructed between 1912 and 1929 under the eye of architect Sir Edward Lutyens who sought to bring to this British colony a sense of classicism, order, and institutional beauty. With more than 300 colour and black and white illustrations, plans and photographs, this book presents the most comprehensive examination to date of how this city was envisioned, planned, and constructed. From the massive war memorial arch and resplendent sandstone and marble government house to the spacious gardens and the gloriously imposing Viceroy's House, the evidence of Lutyen’s architectural genius is everywhere throughout New Delhi. As architectural historian Andreas Volwahsen discusses the importance of Lutyen’s work he provides a fascinating account of the making of a city: the contentious debates and cultural considerations, the inspiration and the painstaking construction, and finally the ways in which New Delhi has evolved into a modern city. With the growing interest in the preservation of historic sights worldwide, this magnificently detailed yet highly accessible history is certain to become a classic in the fields of architecture and urban design.
Arch Middle East
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This book brings together 17 Kahn projects, ranging from private housing to commercial architecture, religious buildings, exhibition spaces, and government buildings. With the Jonas Salk Institute in La Jolla, California (1959–1965) Kahn created a workspace with superb functional and aesthetic qualities; the institute’s Minimalist elements radiate a sense of eternal(...)
Kahn
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This book brings together 17 Kahn projects, ranging from private housing to commercial architecture, religious buildings, exhibition spaces, and government buildings. With the Jonas Salk Institute in La Jolla, California (1959–1965) Kahn created a workspace with superb functional and aesthetic qualities; the institute’s Minimalist elements radiate a sense of eternal beauty. The Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth (1966–1972) occupies the somewhat faceless city like an island of spiritual space, an effect that is achieved by simplicity in design and materials. Also, the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad (1962–1974) and the Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, National Assembly of Bangladesh in Dhaka that was finished after his death are buildings of monumental importance, demonstrating the vision the architect.
Architecture Monographs
Paris, 1200
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Paris in 1200 was a city in transition. The great cathedral of Notre Dame was halfway through its construction and walls were being built to enclose the new, larger limits of the city. Pope Innocent III ordered all French churches closed to punish King Philip Augustus for his remarriage; the king himself negotiated an unprecedented truce with the English; and the students(...)
Paris, 1200
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Paris in 1200 was a city in transition. The great cathedral of Notre Dame was halfway through its construction and walls were being built to enclose the new, larger limits of the city. Pope Innocent III ordered all French churches closed to punish King Philip Augustus for his remarriage; the king himself negotiated an unprecedented truce with the English; and the students of Paris threatened a general strike, punctuated with incidents of violence, to protest infringements of their rights. John W. Baldwin resurrects this key moment in Parisian history using documents only from 1190 to 1210 — a narrow focus made possible by the availability of collections of the Capetian monarchy and the medieval scholastic thinkers. This unique approach results in a vivid snapshot of the city at the turn of the thirteenth century. "Paris, 1200" introduces the reader to the city itself and its inhabitants. Three "faces" exemplify these inhabitants : that of the celebrated scholar Pierre the Chanter, of King Philip Augustus, and of the more deeply hidden visages of women. The book examines the city's primary institutions : the royal government, the Church, and its celebrated schools that evolved into the university at Paris. Finally, it offers an account of the delights and pleasures, as well as the fears and sorrows, of Parisian life in this period.
History until 1900, France
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Published to mark the 800th anniversary in 2007 of the founding of modern Liverpool by King John, Liverpool 800 is the definitive biography of this magnificent world city. Contributors explore the life of Liverpool over eight centuries, looking at the town’s early development, the eighteenth-century foundations of its mercantile economy, the golden period of the(...)
Architecture since 1900, Europe
September 2006, Liverpool
Liverpool 800 : culture, character & history
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Published to mark the 800th anniversary in 2007 of the founding of modern Liverpool by King John, Liverpool 800 is the definitive biography of this magnificent world city. Contributors explore the life of Liverpool over eight centuries, looking at the town’s early development, the eighteenth-century foundations of its mercantile economy, the golden period of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the difficult inter-war years, the fifties boom and the subsequent disastrous and seemingly irreversible decline – seemingly, because the winning of European Capital of Culture status for 2008 reflects Liverpool’s contemporary renaissance, an aspect of current history which is also reflected upon by the contributors. Ranging widely over politics and government, famous and infamous personalities, domestic lives and global connections, and culture both high and low, "Liverpool 800" offers a warts and all portrait of a city which has inspired contempt (‘a black spot on the Mersey’) and adulation (‘the centre of consciousness of the human universe’) but rarely indifference. This publication includes over 300 illustrations, many of which have never been published before.
Architecture since 1900, Europe