Centring on Eadweard Muybridge’s panoramas, this exhibition examines the representations of San Francisco from 1850 to 1880, a period of phenomenal growth and development for the city. Contextualizing Muybridge’s work, the exhibition includes multi-panel daguerreotype panoramas, photographic panoramas (including sets of stereocards), photographic-view books and albums,(...)
Main galleries
31 March 1993 to 25 July 1993
Eadweard Muybridge and the Photographic Panorama of San Francisco, 1850-1880
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Description:
Centring on Eadweard Muybridge’s panoramas, this exhibition examines the representations of San Francisco from 1850 to 1880, a period of phenomenal growth and development for the city. Contextualizing Muybridge’s work, the exhibition includes multi-panel daguerreotype panoramas, photographic panoramas (including sets of stereocards), photographic-view books and albums,(...)
Main galleries
archives
Level of archival description:
Fonds
AP181
Synopsis:
The COOP HIMMELB(L)AU BMW Welt project records, 1994-2007, document the design of the firm’s BMW Welt project, also known as BMW World, in Munich, Germany. The archive consists of approximately 52, 400 born-digital files representing the greater part of the digital archive of the project, as well as 52 of the study models made in the earlier stages of the project.
1994-2015
COOP HIMMELB(L)AU BMW Welt project records
Actions:
AP181
Synopsis:
The COOP HIMMELB(L)AU BMW Welt project records, 1994-2007, document the design of the firm’s BMW Welt project, also known as BMW World, in Munich, Germany. The archive consists of approximately 52, 400 born-digital files representing the greater part of the digital archive of the project, as well as 52 of the study models made in the earlier stages of the project.
archives
Level of archival description:
Fonds
1994-2015
Series
Architectural projects
AP178.S1
Description:
Series AP178.S1 is the largest series of the Álvaro Siza fonds and documents over 200 of Siza’s built and unbuilt architectural projects. The series is divided into project series which are arranged chronologically by project year. Presently, materials in this series range from 1958-2012. The CCA will also receive materials documenting Siza’s more recent work in future additions. Documenting the projects are conceptual, design, presentation, and working drawings, as well as photographic materials, textual documentation, and models. Although the drawings for each project have been identified, Siza often sketches or doodles on textual documentation, such as minutes of meetings or notes. When possible, folders that include textual documents with sketches or doodles have been identified. Amounts and types of materials vary from project to project. Project documentation is usually in Portuguese, with some exceptions including French, English, German, and Dutch. Most project series include sketches, studies, and working drawings. Other drawings included are site plans, floor plans, topographic surveys, elevations, sections, as well as technical and mechanical details. Also documenting the projects are photographic materials and textual documentation, such as correspondence, building programs, contracts, notes, and other working details. Photographic materials found within this archive are slides, negatives, photomontages and photographs of project sites and models.The photomontages were often used to study the function of the project site. To fully understand Siza’s methodology, sketchbooks (Series AP178.S2) should be viewed alongside the project drawings, when possible. Each project series description highlights sketchbooks in series AP178.S2 which contain related sketches. It is important to note that not all projects are represented in the sketchbooks in Series AP178.S2. Moreover, project series descriptions only list related sketchbooks when sketches have been positively identified as related to the corresponding project. The Siza fonds will be processed in four phases. The materials processed in the first, second, and third phases are architectural projects from the 1950’s, 1960’s, and 1970’s; urban planning projects; Reconstrução do Chiado; Berlin projects submitted to the IBA competition; cultural institutions; individual houses; and the Plano de urbanização Deelgebied 5 Schilderswijk-West in The Hague. Among The Hague and the Berlin projects are the Punt en Komma social housing, Bonjour Tristesse, and the Residential settlement in Schilderswijk. This series is better understood in the context of how the records for architectural projects were arranged by Siza’s office. Earlier projects were initially numbered by Siza’s office and then received new project numbers by the office archivist, who joined the office in the 1990s. Project files have been kept in the order in which they were received by the CCA, which is how they were arranged by the office archivist. The project numbers and dates assigned by Siza’s office archivist are included in the descriptions for each project and form the basis for the arrangement of this series. The office archivist numbered projects consecutively by decade, for instance, 58/80 was the 58th project during the 1980s. Numbers which were included in square brackets, ex. [14]/75, show that the project was not a ‘full’ project and contains a small amount of documentation. When projects are followed by a letter (A, B, C) this signifies a project is connected to the first. When the project number is followed by a number (1, 2, 3) this signifies a separate building within a larger project. For the purposes of arrangement, project numbers that were assigned a letter or number are arranged as sub-series of the related project series. Exceptions to this numbering convention are projects 23/60, 25/60, 28/60, 33/60, 34/60 and 35/60. These projects were not in the office’s original project list and were not officially considered projects. The office archivist assembled documentation related to these projects and assigned them numbers. In the early 2000s a large number of photographic materials were gathered together by the office archivist from various correspondence files for a digitization project initiated by the office. These materials remained housed together as a photograph collection in the office. Not all of these materials were digitized by the office. Those that were digitized were assigned numbers which have been identified in the file descriptions. It is important to note that several photographic materials were left with the textual documentation or drawings. When this is the case they are identified in the file description. There are also several panoramic photomontages which were created by either gluing or taping several photographs together to make panoramas of project sites.
1948-2012
Architectural projects
Actions:
AP178.S1
Description:
Series AP178.S1 is the largest series of the Álvaro Siza fonds and documents over 200 of Siza’s built and unbuilt architectural projects. The series is divided into project series which are arranged chronologically by project year. Presently, materials in this series range from 1958-2012. The CCA will also receive materials documenting Siza’s more recent work in future additions. Documenting the projects are conceptual, design, presentation, and working drawings, as well as photographic materials, textual documentation, and models. Although the drawings for each project have been identified, Siza often sketches or doodles on textual documentation, such as minutes of meetings or notes. When possible, folders that include textual documents with sketches or doodles have been identified. Amounts and types of materials vary from project to project. Project documentation is usually in Portuguese, with some exceptions including French, English, German, and Dutch. Most project series include sketches, studies, and working drawings. Other drawings included are site plans, floor plans, topographic surveys, elevations, sections, as well as technical and mechanical details. Also documenting the projects are photographic materials and textual documentation, such as correspondence, building programs, contracts, notes, and other working details. Photographic materials found within this archive are slides, negatives, photomontages and photographs of project sites and models.The photomontages were often used to study the function of the project site. To fully understand Siza’s methodology, sketchbooks (Series AP178.S2) should be viewed alongside the project drawings, when possible. Each project series description highlights sketchbooks in series AP178.S2 which contain related sketches. It is important to note that not all projects are represented in the sketchbooks in Series AP178.S2. Moreover, project series descriptions only list related sketchbooks when sketches have been positively identified as related to the corresponding project. The Siza fonds will be processed in four phases. The materials processed in the first, second, and third phases are architectural projects from the 1950’s, 1960’s, and 1970’s; urban planning projects; Reconstrução do Chiado; Berlin projects submitted to the IBA competition; cultural institutions; individual houses; and the Plano de urbanização Deelgebied 5 Schilderswijk-West in The Hague. Among The Hague and the Berlin projects are the Punt en Komma social housing, Bonjour Tristesse, and the Residential settlement in Schilderswijk. This series is better understood in the context of how the records for architectural projects were arranged by Siza’s office. Earlier projects were initially numbered by Siza’s office and then received new project numbers by the office archivist, who joined the office in the 1990s. Project files have been kept in the order in which they were received by the CCA, which is how they were arranged by the office archivist. The project numbers and dates assigned by Siza’s office archivist are included in the descriptions for each project and form the basis for the arrangement of this series. The office archivist numbered projects consecutively by decade, for instance, 58/80 was the 58th project during the 1980s. Numbers which were included in square brackets, ex. [14]/75, show that the project was not a ‘full’ project and contains a small amount of documentation. When projects are followed by a letter (A, B, C) this signifies a project is connected to the first. When the project number is followed by a number (1, 2, 3) this signifies a separate building within a larger project. For the purposes of arrangement, project numbers that were assigned a letter or number are arranged as sub-series of the related project series. Exceptions to this numbering convention are projects 23/60, 25/60, 28/60, 33/60, 34/60 and 35/60. These projects were not in the office’s original project list and were not officially considered projects. The office archivist assembled documentation related to these projects and assigned them numbers. In the early 2000s a large number of photographic materials were gathered together by the office archivist from various correspondence files for a digitization project initiated by the office. These materials remained housed together as a photograph collection in the office. Not all of these materials were digitized by the office. Those that were digitized were assigned numbers which have been identified in the file descriptions. It is important to note that several photographic materials were left with the textual documentation or drawings. When this is the case they are identified in the file description. There are also several panoramic photomontages which were created by either gluing or taping several photographs together to make panoramas of project sites.
Series
1948-2012
Sub-series
CI001.S1.D3
Description:
The urban and public architecture of Hubert Rohault de Fleury is insightful concerning both the stylistic directions of utilitarian architecture in France and the structure and role of the government architectural services (1) in the Empire and the Restoration. The drawings in the CCA collection depict built and unbuilt projects undertaken in the context of Hubert's positions in the government architectural services as well as private commissions. Hubert's principal official positions related to three branches of the French government: the Préfecture de la police, the Conseil général des hospices and the Conseil des Bâtiments Civils, a "division" of the Ministère de l'interieur. Hubert's work for the Préfecture de la police (which was also responsible for the gendarmerie and the sapeurs-pompiers barracks) is represented in the CCA collection by projects for four gendarmerie barracks (1821-1830) and alterations to the Préfecture de la Police (1833 ?) and nearby prison in Paris (1819)(DR1974:0002:016:001-070 / DR1974:0002:011:001-089 and DR1974:0002: 015:001-070). The drawings in these albums emphasize the planning (or re-arrangement) of the interior spaces. The album for the Préfecture de la police also includes record drawings for prisons in England and France as background material for Hubert's work and/or related to reports for the Conseil des Bâtiments Civils, which had an active role in the design of prisons throughout France during the early years of the nineteenth century (2). Although the CCA collection has no drawings directly related to Hubert's position as the architecte des hospices (3), drawings and prints are included for his earlier ideal hospitals (ca. 1810) (DR1974:0002:008:001-077). These projects continue the late 17th and 18th century tradition of monumental geometrically laid-out ideal hospitals. This album also contains prints and drawings of medical buildings by other architects (probably reference material), and drawings of Hubert's unexecuted proposal for the re-development of the École de médecine (Paris) and the surrounding buildings and urban spaces. Hubert was the architecte de l'École de medicine (4); a position that probably related to his work for the Ministère d'Interieur, which would have been responsible for this building. In general, Hubert's role and responsibilities within the Ministère de l'interieur and the associated Conseil de Bâtiment Civils (especially prior to his appointment to the position of inspecteur gènèral in 1830) are the least clear of his government positions. In addition to the École de medicine album, two other albums contain projects relating to the Ministère de l'Interieur: two proposals for Place Louis XV commissioned by the Ministre de l'interieur, Duc Decazes in 1821 (DR1974:0002:037:001-031), and drawings for the conversion or renovation of several Parisian hôtel particuliers (probably between 1810 and ca. 1820) including those used by the Ministère de l'interieur, Ministère de la Guerre and the Ministère des affaires étrangères (DR1974:0002;011:001-089). On other government commission of significance is represented in the CCA collection. In 1819, Hubert Rohault de Fleury in collaboration with Etienne Hyppolite Godde was commissioned to direct the restoration of the Thermes de Julien located under the Hôtel de Cluny. The CCA collection includes several letters and drawings, and a report related to this commission (DR1974:0002 :037:001-031). Hubert's private urban projects, mostly commissioned by private entrepreneurs or societies, were concerned with the expansion of the infrastructure of Paris and the surrounding communities as well as, to some extent, larger issues of urban development. One album contains projects dating from between 1819 and 1836 related horses - an essential part of 19th century urban life (5): a stud-farm (Haras de Madrid, Bois de Boulogne), an auction house and an infirmary (Clos St. Charles, Clos d'équarrissage, fôret de Bondy) and three slaughterhouses (Plaine de Grenelle, an unnamed project and La Villete (6))(DR1974:0002:014:001-104). These album also includes developmental studies for a new quartier of Paris - Nouveau Quartier Poissonière (the site of today's 10e arrondissement). A second album (ca. 1825) includes designs for a "maison de blanchisseur", an "entrepot de vins" with adjacent "guingette" and designs for structures at Parc de Clichy - a reservoir, a washhouse and a manège (DR1974:0002:009:001-079) (7). The drawings in these albums are particularly informative regarding the materials, structures and mechanical systems utilized. As with most of his government commissions, for these buildings, Hubert adopted a sparse architectural syntax of pared-down classical motifs and regimented plans grounded in the ideas of Durand and commonly used in utilitarian buildings during the 19th century. (1) These are discussed in some detail in Chapter 2 of David Van Zanten, 'Building Paris' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994). (2) Van Zanten, 'Building Paris', 51-52. (3) The Cabinet des Estampes at the Musée Carnavalet in Paris has drawings related to Hubert's work for the Conseil général des hospices. (4) Evidence of this position is based on inscriptions on drawings in album, DR1974:0002:008:001-77. (5) Bergdoll, 4. (6) The La Villete slaughterhouse was designed by Charles Rohault de Fleury. (7) The source(s) of these commissions is unknown.
1754-1875
Public and Urban architecture
CI001.S1.D3
Description:
The urban and public architecture of Hubert Rohault de Fleury is insightful concerning both the stylistic directions of utilitarian architecture in France and the structure and role of the government architectural services (1) in the Empire and the Restoration. The drawings in the CCA collection depict built and unbuilt projects undertaken in the context of Hubert's positions in the government architectural services as well as private commissions. Hubert's principal official positions related to three branches of the French government: the Préfecture de la police, the Conseil général des hospices and the Conseil des Bâtiments Civils, a "division" of the Ministère de l'interieur. Hubert's work for the Préfecture de la police (which was also responsible for the gendarmerie and the sapeurs-pompiers barracks) is represented in the CCA collection by projects for four gendarmerie barracks (1821-1830) and alterations to the Préfecture de la Police (1833 ?) and nearby prison in Paris (1819)(DR1974:0002:016:001-070 / DR1974:0002:011:001-089 and DR1974:0002: 015:001-070). The drawings in these albums emphasize the planning (or re-arrangement) of the interior spaces. The album for the Préfecture de la police also includes record drawings for prisons in England and France as background material for Hubert's work and/or related to reports for the Conseil des Bâtiments Civils, which had an active role in the design of prisons throughout France during the early years of the nineteenth century (2). Although the CCA collection has no drawings directly related to Hubert's position as the architecte des hospices (3), drawings and prints are included for his earlier ideal hospitals (ca. 1810) (DR1974:0002:008:001-077). These projects continue the late 17th and 18th century tradition of monumental geometrically laid-out ideal hospitals. This album also contains prints and drawings of medical buildings by other architects (probably reference material), and drawings of Hubert's unexecuted proposal for the re-development of the École de médecine (Paris) and the surrounding buildings and urban spaces. Hubert was the architecte de l'École de medicine (4); a position that probably related to his work for the Ministère d'Interieur, which would have been responsible for this building. In general, Hubert's role and responsibilities within the Ministère de l'interieur and the associated Conseil de Bâtiment Civils (especially prior to his appointment to the position of inspecteur gènèral in 1830) are the least clear of his government positions. In addition to the École de medicine album, two other albums contain projects relating to the Ministère de l'Interieur: two proposals for Place Louis XV commissioned by the Ministre de l'interieur, Duc Decazes in 1821 (DR1974:0002:037:001-031), and drawings for the conversion or renovation of several Parisian hôtel particuliers (probably between 1810 and ca. 1820) including those used by the Ministère de l'interieur, Ministère de la Guerre and the Ministère des affaires étrangères (DR1974:0002;011:001-089). On other government commission of significance is represented in the CCA collection. In 1819, Hubert Rohault de Fleury in collaboration with Etienne Hyppolite Godde was commissioned to direct the restoration of the Thermes de Julien located under the Hôtel de Cluny. The CCA collection includes several letters and drawings, and a report related to this commission (DR1974:0002 :037:001-031). Hubert's private urban projects, mostly commissioned by private entrepreneurs or societies, were concerned with the expansion of the infrastructure of Paris and the surrounding communities as well as, to some extent, larger issues of urban development. One album contains projects dating from between 1819 and 1836 related horses - an essential part of 19th century urban life (5): a stud-farm (Haras de Madrid, Bois de Boulogne), an auction house and an infirmary (Clos St. Charles, Clos d'équarrissage, fôret de Bondy) and three slaughterhouses (Plaine de Grenelle, an unnamed project and La Villete (6))(DR1974:0002:014:001-104). These album also includes developmental studies for a new quartier of Paris - Nouveau Quartier Poissonière (the site of today's 10e arrondissement). A second album (ca. 1825) includes designs for a "maison de blanchisseur", an "entrepot de vins" with adjacent "guingette" and designs for structures at Parc de Clichy - a reservoir, a washhouse and a manège (DR1974:0002:009:001-079) (7). The drawings in these albums are particularly informative regarding the materials, structures and mechanical systems utilized. As with most of his government commissions, for these buildings, Hubert adopted a sparse architectural syntax of pared-down classical motifs and regimented plans grounded in the ideas of Durand and commonly used in utilitarian buildings during the 19th century. (1) These are discussed in some detail in Chapter 2 of David Van Zanten, 'Building Paris' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994). (2) Van Zanten, 'Building Paris', 51-52. (3) The Cabinet des Estampes at the Musée Carnavalet in Paris has drawings related to Hubert's work for the Conseil général des hospices. (4) Evidence of this position is based on inscriptions on drawings in album, DR1974:0002:008:001-77. (5) Bergdoll, 4. (6) The La Villete slaughterhouse was designed by Charles Rohault de Fleury. (7) The source(s) of these commissions is unknown.
File 3
1754-1875
articles
Photographic Pilgrimage
The Lives of Documents, Photography as a Project, Stefano Graziani and Bas Princen, Guido Guidi, conversation, oral history
27 June 2023
Photographic Pilgrimage
Guido Guidi in conversation with Stefano Graziani and Bas Princen
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Old Books New Cities
The pressing need to reconstruct cities after the Second World War and the sudden post-war rise in population led the public sector to assume an ever-increasing role in the design and construction of the urban environment. In different political contexts, large urban developments or the construction of entirely new towns were directed by municipal or state powers and(...)
Hall cases
12 December 2013 to 15 June 2014
Old Books New Cities
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Description:
The pressing need to reconstruct cities after the Second World War and the sudden post-war rise in population led the public sector to assume an ever-increasing role in the design and construction of the urban environment. In different political contexts, large urban developments or the construction of entirely new towns were directed by municipal or state powers and(...)
Hall cases
The exhibition presents a work by American artist Lewis Baltz that provokes critical thought on the relationships between architecture, landscape, and photography. The New Industrial Parks is part of a monographic series developed in the 1970s (The Tract Houses, Maryland, Nevada and Park City) that deals with wide-ranging cultural and philosophical questions about(...)
Octagonal gallery
18 April 2002 to 29 September 2002
Lewis Baltz: The New Industrial Parks Near Irvine, California
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Description:
The exhibition presents a work by American artist Lewis Baltz that provokes critical thought on the relationships between architecture, landscape, and photography. The New Industrial Parks is part of a monographic series developed in the 1970s (The Tract Houses, Maryland, Nevada and Park City) that deals with wide-ranging cultural and philosophical questions about(...)
Octagonal gallery
archives
Level of archival description:
Fonds
Ernest Cormier fonds
AP001
Synopsis:
Le Fonds Ernest Cormier documente de la vie personnelle, artistique et professionnelle d'Ernest Cormier. Le fonds compte près de 30 000 dessins et reproductions ainsi que les dossier administratif relatifs à plus de 110 projets architecturaux réalisés par Cormier entre 1919 et 1964, environ 14 000 documents photographiques, incluant les photographies par Ernest Cormier, sa correspondance et documents personnels, ses oeuvres d'arts, et de nombreux outils et objets utilisés par Cormier pour ses projets artistiques et architecturaux.
1857-1980
Ernest Cormier fonds
Actions:
AP001
Synopsis:
Le Fonds Ernest Cormier documente de la vie personnelle, artistique et professionnelle d'Ernest Cormier. Le fonds compte près de 30 000 dessins et reproductions ainsi que les dossier administratif relatifs à plus de 110 projets architecturaux réalisés par Cormier entre 1919 et 1964, environ 14 000 documents photographiques, incluant les photographies par Ernest Cormier, sa correspondance et documents personnels, ses oeuvres d'arts, et de nombreux outils et objets utilisés par Cormier pour ses projets artistiques et architecturaux.
archives
Level of archival description:
Fonds
1857-1980
archives
Level of archival description:
Fonds
PGL architectes fonds
AP014
Synopsis:
Le fonds PGL architectes, 1959 – 1994, témoigne des activités de la firme d’architecture montréalaise, Papineau Gérin-Lajoie Le Blanc architectes, autant que ses sociétés affiliées et firmes remplaçantes. La majorité du fonds comprend des documents qui représentent 70 projets architecturaux, incluant des projets entrepris à travers le Québec, à Ottawa, à de multiples endroits au Nunavut, ainsi que des projets internationaux. Le fonds met en évidence la participation du PGL dans la construction d'infrastructure coloniale au Nunavik et au Nunavut, y compris les travaux sur des écoles associées avec des foyers fédéraux, qui sont reconnus comme faisant partie du système des pensionnats autochtones du Canada. De plus, le fonds documente l’utilisation des panneaux de fibre de verre modulaires employés par PGL. Pour la plupart, les documents dans ce fonds se composent des dessins, des documents photographiques, et des documents textuels. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The PGL architectes fonds, 1959 - 1994, documents the work and activities of the Montréal-based architecture firm, Papineau Gérin-Lajoie Le Blanc architectes, and its successor and affiliate companies. The records within this fonds represent 70 architectural projects undertaken by the firm, which include projects throughout Québec, Ottawa, and various locations in Nunavut, as well as some international projects. The fonds offers evidence of PGL’s participation in the construction of colonial infrastructure in Nunavik and Nunavut, including work on schools that are connected to Federal Hostels which are recognised as part of Canada's Indian Residential School system. The fonds also contains records documenting PGL’s use of modular, fiberglass-reinforced plastic panels in construction. The records within this fonds largely consist of drawings, photographic materials, and textual records.
1959 - 1994
PGL architectes fonds
Actions:
AP014
Synopsis:
Le fonds PGL architectes, 1959 – 1994, témoigne des activités de la firme d’architecture montréalaise, Papineau Gérin-Lajoie Le Blanc architectes, autant que ses sociétés affiliées et firmes remplaçantes. La majorité du fonds comprend des documents qui représentent 70 projets architecturaux, incluant des projets entrepris à travers le Québec, à Ottawa, à de multiples endroits au Nunavut, ainsi que des projets internationaux. Le fonds met en évidence la participation du PGL dans la construction d'infrastructure coloniale au Nunavik et au Nunavut, y compris les travaux sur des écoles associées avec des foyers fédéraux, qui sont reconnus comme faisant partie du système des pensionnats autochtones du Canada. De plus, le fonds documente l’utilisation des panneaux de fibre de verre modulaires employés par PGL. Pour la plupart, les documents dans ce fonds se composent des dessins, des documents photographiques, et des documents textuels. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The PGL architectes fonds, 1959 - 1994, documents the work and activities of the Montréal-based architecture firm, Papineau Gérin-Lajoie Le Blanc architectes, and its successor and affiliate companies. The records within this fonds represent 70 architectural projects undertaken by the firm, which include projects throughout Québec, Ottawa, and various locations in Nunavut, as well as some international projects. The fonds offers evidence of PGL’s participation in the construction of colonial infrastructure in Nunavik and Nunavut, including work on schools that are connected to Federal Hostels which are recognised as part of Canada's Indian Residential School system. The fonds also contains records documenting PGL’s use of modular, fiberglass-reinforced plastic panels in construction. The records within this fonds largely consist of drawings, photographic materials, and textual records.
archives
Level of archival description:
Fonds
1959 - 1994
Starting From... Pink
Architectural engagement with colour involves its physical materiality as well as its atmospheric and psychological aspects. This hall-case display features photographs, renderings, and colour tools from the CCA collection that represent, communicate, and imagine colour for architecture—with a particular emphasis on the hue of pink. Pink is a chromatic anomaly. As a(...)
Hall cases
11 September 2009 to 17 January 2010
Starting From... Pink
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Description:
Architectural engagement with colour involves its physical materiality as well as its atmospheric and psychological aspects. This hall-case display features photographs, renderings, and colour tools from the CCA collection that represent, communicate, and imagine colour for architecture—with a particular emphasis on the hue of pink. Pink is a chromatic anomaly. As a(...)
Hall cases