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During the first three decades of the twentieth century, Warren & Wetmore was one of the most successful and prolific architectural practices in America. Producing over three hundred major projects, including the celebrated Grand Central Terminal (designed in association with Reed & Stem), Beaux Arts-trained Whitney Warren (1864-1943) and lawyer Charles D. Wetmore(...)
Architecture Monographs
March 2006, New York, London
The architecture of Warren & Wetmore
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During the first three decades of the twentieth century, Warren & Wetmore was one of the most successful and prolific architectural practices in America. Producing over three hundred major projects, including the celebrated Grand Central Terminal (designed in association with Reed & Stem), Beaux Arts-trained Whitney Warren (1864-1943) and lawyer Charles D. Wetmore (1866-1941) grasped the stylistic requirements and prevailing architectural tastes of the vibrant period leading up to the Great Depression. The firm’s bold and creative interpretation of classical and French styles, as translated into American practice, reflected the cultural, social, and business aspirations of the country’s ruling class. Illustrated with Jonathan Wallen’s new color photographs and with historic photographs, drawings, and plans, "The architecture of Warren & Wetmore" is the first book to examine the scope of the firm’s rich and varied body of work. In addition to Grand Central Terminal, Warren & Wetmore was responsible for some of New York’s most memorable buildings, including the New York Yacht Club, grand mansions for such prominent clients as the Vanderbilts, and a number of luxurious early apartment buildings and hotels. During a period of rampant building activity, the firm was instrumental in shaping New York’s expanding cityscape with its office buildings in Terminal City and setback towers. Its hotels and resorts nationwide set an unprecedented level of comfort and luxury for America’s leisure class, guiding the direction of the modern-day hotel. The reconstruction of the university library in Louvain, Belgium-Warren’s most prized commission-held the international spotlight after World War I. The book includes a catalogue raisonné and an employee roster, and is the definitive source about a practice that made an indelible imprint on the American landscape. Foreword by Robert A.M. Stern
Architecture Monographs
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The classic historical interpretation of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in America sees this period as a political search for order by the middle class, culminating in Progressive Era reforms. In The Middle-Class City, John Hepp examines transformations in everyday middle-class life in Philadelphia between 1876 and 1926 to discover the cultural roots of(...)
The middle-class city : transforming space and time in Philadelphia, 1876-1926
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The classic historical interpretation of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in America sees this period as a political search for order by the middle class, culminating in Progressive Era reforms. In The Middle-Class City, John Hepp examines transformations in everyday middle-class life in Philadelphia between 1876 and 1926 to discover the cultural roots of this search for order. By looking at complex relationships among members of that city's middle class and three largely bourgeois commercial institutions - newspapers, department stores, and railroads - Hepp finds that the men and women of the middle class consistently reordered their world along rational lines. According to Hepp, this period was rife with evidence of creative reorganization that served to mold middle-class life. The department store was more than just an expanded dry goods emporium; it was a middle-class haven of order in the heart of a frenetic city--an entirely new way of organizing merchandise for sale. Redesigned newspapers brought well-ordered news and entertainment to middle-class homes and also carried retail advertisements to entice consumers downtown via train and streetcar. The complex interiors of urban railroad stations reflected a rationalization of space, and rail schedules embodied the modernized specialization of standard time. In his fascinating investigation of similar patterns of behavior among commercial institutions, Hepp exposes an important intersection between the histories of the city and the middle class. In his careful reconstruction of this now vanished culture, Hepp examines a wide variety of sources, including diaries and memoirs left by middle-class women and men of the region. Following Philadelphians as they rode trains and trolleys, read newspapers, and shopped at department stores, he uses their accounts as individualized guidebooks to middle-class life in the metropolis. And through a creative use of photographs, floor plans, maps, and material culture, The Middle-Class City helps to reconstruct the physical settings of these enterprises and recreate everyday middle-class life, shedding new light on an underanalyzed historical group and the cultural history of twentieth-century America.
Urban Theory
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From as early as 1900 Finland, at that time ruled by Russia, was to see in architecture a political and social vehicle. Modern architecture, with the promises it held for social change and hopes for technological progress, was to become a cultural phenomenon over the course of the twentieth century. This book explores the shape of architecture from Finland’s independence(...)
Finland
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From as early as 1900 Finland, at that time ruled by Russia, was to see in architecture a political and social vehicle. Modern architecture, with the promises it held for social change and hopes for technological progress, was to become a cultural phenomenon over the course of the twentieth century. This book explores the shape of architecture from Finland’s independence in 1917 until the present day, and how the ‘modern agenda’ became a blueprint to advance the nation’s society and define its identity. Roger Connah assesses the work of well-known heroes of Finnish architecture such as Reima Pietila, Juhä Leiviskä and ‘modern master’ Alvar Aalto, as well as many other less familiar figures whose contribution is little known outside Finland. He discusses developments in architecture in relation to the culture and politics of the new independent Finland, as well as parallel movements in the arts, and also surveys the early part of the century, as Finland came into its own as a new nation state. He examines the rationalised developments of the 1930s, the ‘organic’ and vernacular tendencies of modern architecture, and how some of modernism’s devices were combined with a particular Nordic sensibility. He also looks at the reconstruction and urbanisation of the post-war years, the use of industrial building methods and prefabricated materials, the ‘golden age’ of Finnish modernism in the 1950s, and the developments thereafter. Connah also considers how architecture has been publicised in magazines, galleries and through exhibitions. By the end of the twentieth century Finland had transformed itself into a modern industrial economy at the cutting edge of the it world, and its buildings continue to be regarded as exemplary modern works. Roger Connah assesses Finnish modern architecture’s relation to the broader cultural and political conditions of Finland and modernity at large, making this study crucial to our understanding of Finland’s place in architecture and in culture today.
Architecture since 1900, Europe
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For decades Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903) designed parks and park systems across the United States, leaving an enduring legacy of designed public space that is enjoyed, studied, and protected today. His plans and professional correspondence offer a rich source for understanding his remarkable contribution to the quality of urban life in this country and the(...)
Landscape Architecture, Monographs
October 2006, Baltimore
The papers of Frederick Law Olmsted : volume VII, parks, politics, and patronage 1874-1882
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For decades Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903) designed parks and park systems across the United States, leaving an enduring legacy of designed public space that is enjoyed, studied, and protected today. His plans and professional correspondence offer a rich source for understanding his remarkable contribution to the quality of urban life in this country and the development of the profession of landscape architecture. Olmsted's writings also provide a unique record of society and politics in post–Civil War America. Historians, landscape architects, conservationists, city planners, and citizens’ groups continue to turn to Olmsted for inspiration in their planning and protection of public open space in our cities. This latest and seventh volume of the Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted presents the record of his last years of residence in New York City. It includes reports on the design of Riverside and Morningside parks and Tompkins Square in Manhattan, as well as his comprehensive plan for the street system and rapid transit routes of the Bronx. It records his continuing work on Central Park and presents his final retrospective statement, “The Spoils of the Park.” In addition, volume seven contains an annotated version of the journal in which Olmsted recorded instances of political maneuvering and patronage politics in the years before his dismissal from the New York parks department in 1878. Later documents chronicle the early stages of his planning of the Boston park system—the Back Bay Fens, Arnold Arboretum, and Riverway. Other major commissions, each with its own political complications, were the grounds of the U.S. Capitol, the completion of the new state capitol in Albany, the designing of a park on Mount Royal in Montreal, and construction of the park system of Buffalo, New York. The volume also presents Olmsted’s commentary on issues of the times including federal Reconstruction policy and civil-service reform. The Olmsted Papers project is supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the National Trust for the Humanities, the National Association for Olmsted Parks, as well as private foundations and individuals.
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October 2006, Baltimore
Landscape Architecture, Monographs
Loving the High Line
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As an elevated rail line, designed to lift freight trains serving the Hudson River docks above street level circulation, The High Line was originally constructed as material infrastructure for an industrial city. It was closed in 1960s and stood abandoned for the next forty years. In this time organic debris accumulated and decayed, and seeds landed on the newly forming(...)
Loving the High Line
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As an elevated rail line, designed to lift freight trains serving the Hudson River docks above street level circulation, The High Line was originally constructed as material infrastructure for an industrial city. It was closed in 1960s and stood abandoned for the next forty years. In this time organic debris accumulated and decayed, and seeds landed on the newly forming soil creating a meadow on the derelict railbed. This microcosmic biome then also became a heterotopic, other space, in the social ecology of the city as an efflorescence of new art forms and underground subcultures flourished in the evacuated post-industrial spaces of Chelsea. These processes would unfold as New York City was being transformed into a global center in an emerging political-economy defined by the integration of finance capital with media and information industries. In this, marginal spaces of the kind that developed in Chelsea, and the cultures that create them, became important sources of new aesthetic and cultural innovation, that offer an exploitable social ground from which to extract semiotic value. As the Bloomberg administration gave shape to this new regime, a project was initiated to convert the High Line into a publicly accessible, linear park. This would be realized through a convoluted process in which the manifold tensions and contradictions of the postmodern city would be dramatically played out and the disjunctions between ideal image regimes and the reality of the material substrates that support them would be brought to light, if only to be newly obscured. The High Line urban park has been both heralded as a definitive model for new urban development, and denounced as a driver, or at least a morbid symptom, of devastating gentrification, and the destructive financialization of urban space. This text, originally published in 2015 as part of the Deconstructing the High Line anthology, edited by Mark Linder and Brian Rosa, tracks a collection of interconnected historical treads that converge in the reconstruction of the High Line, and situates the project within architectural discourse and practice, and social and material conditions with which it struggles to engage.
Urban Landscapes
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La photographie, images d’expression et d’émancipation des femmes à travers la prise de possession de leur corps par l’image. Les femmes et la photographie : deux univers contrariés et maintenus en marge de l’empirée artistique du XIXe siècle. Cet ouvrage raconte comment ces deux univers ont fait alliance, dans une symbiose incroyablement fertile. Les femmes ont alors(...)
Femmes photographes: emancipation et performance (1850-1940)
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La photographie, images d’expression et d’émancipation des femmes à travers la prise de possession de leur corps par l’image. Les femmes et la photographie : deux univers contrariés et maintenus en marge de l’empirée artistique du XIXe siècle. Cet ouvrage raconte comment ces deux univers ont fait alliance, dans une symbiose incroyablement fertile. Les femmes ont alors fait preuve d’une capacité à affronter instinctivement, dans des conditions historiques données, certains refoulements culturels et sociaux caractéristiques du monde occidentalisé. A commencer par ceux du corps et du geste. Ainsi, à la même période où débutait le lent processus d’acceptation du corporel dans la sphère culturelle occidentale, de façon curieusement analogue, les femmes artistes s’en faisaient courageusement les interprètes – bien qu’au prix de nombreuses difficultés – car elles-mêmes avaient subi depuis des siècles le même phénomène de « relégation » des activités intellectuelles et artistiques. Cette poétique commune de récupération de la corporéité et de l’action, que certaines artistes parvinrent à interpréter de façon originale, anticipait le climat de recherche de la performance et de l’identité des années 1970, Douze artistes différentes, étudiées dans cet ouvrage, témoignent de cet engagement et de cette réalisation par la photographie : Alice Austen, Gertrude Arndt, Virginia Oldoini (Comtesse de Castiglione), Hannah Cullwick, Anne Brigman, Claude Cahun, Julia Margaret Cameron, Clementina Hawarden, Hannah Höch, Tina Modotti, Leni Riefenstahl et Madame Yevonde. Certaines ont été des artistes d’une façon assez ab-norme, et l’étiquette leur est appliquée de façon très élastique. D’autres, en revanche, ont pratiqué simultanément d’autres moyens d’expression. Mais, pour toutes, la photographie a été une occasion d’exhibitionnisme narcissique, de voyeurisme fétichiste, de travestissement identitaire, de recherche et de témoignage de leur propre identité sexuelle, de fragmentation et de reconstruction imaginaire du réel, de praxis et d’exaltation de la politique et de l’idéologie. En d’autres termes, la photographie a été vécue par elles comme possibilité de récits du corps et de l’action. Les raisons de cette relation dangereuse (femmes-photographie-corps-action) sont celles d’une véritable affinité élective, au point que la photographie, pour de nombreuses femmes, en Amérique singulièrement, a représenté dès la fin du XIXe siècle le territoire de leur émancipation sociale et économique.
Photography Collections
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Architecte, théoricien, urbaniste et écrivain, Jozsef Vago travaille à Budapest (1900-1919, 1926-1940), à Rome (1919-1926) et à Genève (1927-1935), avant de s'établir en France (1940-1947). Jeune diplômé, il s'engage dans la Sécession hongroise fondée par Odon Lechner et s'attache, comme de nombreux architectes de sa génération, à élaborer un nouveau langage architectural(...)
Jozsef Vago 1877-1947 : un architecte hongrois dans la tourmente européenne
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Architecte, théoricien, urbaniste et écrivain, Jozsef Vago travaille à Budapest (1900-1919, 1926-1940), à Rome (1919-1926) et à Genève (1927-1935), avant de s'établir en France (1940-1947). Jeune diplômé, il s'engage dans la Sécession hongroise fondée par Odon Lechner et s'attache, comme de nombreux architectes de sa génération, à élaborer un nouveau langage architectural national qui valorise la culture populaire. Jozsef Vago est aujourd'hui considéré comme l'une des figures de proue du renouveau architectural hongrois. Ses réalisations à Budapest entre 1903 et 1914, fleurons d'architecture " nationale " imprégnés de modernisme viennois, témoignent de son ouverture vers l'Occident et de son attention à la question sociale. Membre du Werkbund, engagé pendant la période révolutionnaire de 1918-1919, il est contraint d'émigrer en Italie lors de l'arrivée au pouvoir de l'amiral Horthy. Installé à Rome entre 1920 et 1926, il tente en vain de s'intégrer à la profession : il élabore des nouvelles typologies d'habitat social pour les cités-jardins romaines, publie de nombreux projets sous le nom de " Giuseppe Vago ", mais ne parvient à obtenir qu'une seule commande à Rome. Sans ressources, confronté à la xénophobie et au fascisme, il se réinstalle à Budapest, où il se voit empêché d'exercer par l'Ordre des architectes hongrois, créé en 1926. Sa victoire au concours du palais de la Société des Nations à Genève en 1927 inaugure une nouvelle phase de sa carrière. Ses démêlés avec ses associés - Henri-Paul Nénot, Jules Flegenheimer, Camille Lefèvre et Carlo Broggi - et avec Le Corbusier au cours de la réalisation du projet l'incitent, dans les années trente et quarante, à prendre part au débat architectural européen, à entamer une importante œuvre de critique et à élaborer une véritable philosophie de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme. Combattant les positions de l'avant-garde architecturale - et notamment de Le Corbusier -, il tente d'établir une synthèse entre les idéaux de l'Art nouveau et du modernisme, estimant que l'architecte doit s'efforcer de répondre aux aspirations sociales et économiques du Mouvement moderne sans pour autant renoncer au " superflu ", c'est-à-dire à la qualité artistique et à l'ornementation. Cette recherche, qui apparaît dans son ouvrage théorique À travers les villes (1930) et dans son projet d'urbanisation de Budapest (1933-1937), trouve son aboutissement dans son projet théorique de reconstruction opposé aux préceptes des CIAM et de la Charte d'Athènes : la Ville de l'Avenir (1940-1945)
Architecture Monographs
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Van Alen Institute mounted the exhibition "Renewing, Rebuilding, Remembering" to demonstrate how cities, after incomparable loss of people and places, find ways to plan, design, and reconstruct the life of the city. The book is both a catalogue and a special edition of our series of "Van Alen Reports," the publication both documents the exhibit and expands on it with(...)
Information exchange : how cities renew, rebuild, and remember
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Van Alen Institute mounted the exhibition "Renewing, Rebuilding, Remembering" to demonstrate how cities, after incomparable loss of people and places, find ways to plan, design, and reconstruct the life of the city. The book is both a catalogue and a special edition of our series of "Van Alen Reports," the publication both documents the exhibit and expands on it with personal essays, articles and interviews. The point of the exhibition was not to compare catastrophes, but to compare, contrast, and try to explicate and understand initiatives, projects, plans, and actions that took place after the bomb, the earthquake, the war. After that, what worked, what would they do differently, what mattered right away, what mattered for the long-term? In October, the Institute put out a call for ideas for the exhibit. Students, designers, planners, artists, professors, photographers, public officials and a wide range of respondents from around the world were generous in suggesting places, projects, issues, and designs that were telling for the future of New York. From this response and ongoing research, the Institute chose to focus on specific processes and projects in seven cities. In Beirut, a public art installation that progressed through the city was a first step in reclaiming its war-torn districts, and the Lebanese capital has continued not only with master plans and major new developments, but also with works such as the Garden of Forgiveness, grappling with a hard history to contemplate. In Berlin, a center for information about the city and its reconstruction rose above the ruins of the Berlin Wall, half a century after the city had been devastated and divided. In San Francisco, an earthquake left the elevated highway downtown in such precarious decision that the city decided to tear it down-and implement a long-held dream of reopening the city to the waterfront. In Kobe, where an earthquake resulted not only in billions of dollars of damage to infrastructure, but also in a terrible loss of life, architects responded with an outpouring of energy to survey the damage and construct innovative emergency housing, proving the old adage that necessity is the mother of invention. In addition, they strove to understand the disaster, building a museum about, and at, the geological fault that brought down so much of their city. Manchester had a terrorist attack in the mid-1990s, and rebuilt its center city better than before, as well as setting up an institute for the study of cities around the world, to better understand that the life of the city and its public realm can not be taken for granted. So, too, did Oklahoma City, where a public process led to an international design competition for a memorial, and the city has rebuilt itself around it. Sarajevo, after years of civil war, pulled together its citizens through restoring the landmarks of their public life.
Urban Theory