Spomenik monument database
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Spomenik—the Serbo-Croat/Slovenian word for monument—refers to the memorials built in Tito's Republic of Yugoslavia from the 1960s to the 1980s, marking the horror of the occupation and the defeat of Axis forces during World War II. Hundreds were built across the country, from coastal resorts to remote mountains. Through these imaginative forms of concrete and steel, a(...)
Photography Collections
August 2018
Spomenik monument database
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Spomenik—the Serbo-Croat/Slovenian word for monument—refers to the memorials built in Tito's Republic of Yugoslavia from the 1960s to the 1980s, marking the horror of the occupation and the defeat of Axis forces during World War II. Hundreds were built across the country, from coastal resorts to remote mountains. Through these imaginative forms of concrete and steel, a classless, forward-looking socialist society, free of ethnic tensions, was envisaged. Instead of looking to the ideologically aligned Soviet Union for artistic inspiration, Tito turned to the West and works of abstract expressionism and minimalism. This allowed Yugoslavia to develop its own distinct identity through the monuments, turning them into political tools, articulating Tito's personal vision of a new tomorrow.
Photography Collections
Politics of learning, politics of space: architecture and the education shock of the 1960s and 1970s
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How the relationships between education and outer space have developed historically is exemplified in an incisive way by the decades that followed the 'Sputnik shock' of 1957. The wake-up call that resulted from the Soviet space program set the global landscape of learning in motion. New schools and universities came into being against the backdrop of the reform euphoria(...)
February 2021
Politics of learning, politics of space: architecture and the education shock of the 1960s and 1970s
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How the relationships between education and outer space have developed historically is exemplified in an incisive way by the decades that followed the 'Sputnik shock' of 1957. The wake-up call that resulted from the Soviet space program set the global landscape of learning in motion. New schools and universities came into being against the backdrop of the reform euphoria and mood of catastrophe. At the same time, traditional pedagogical concepts were severely called into question—including the call to do away with institutions of education. What is shown in the architectures of learning is not only a politics of space, but also the educational shock that intensively shook up the global societies of the 1960s and 1970s, while they were gradually being transformed into knowledge societies.
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Sound in Z supplies the astounding and long-lost chapter in the early story of electronic music: the Soviet experiment, a chapter that runs from 1917 to the late 1930s. Its heroes are Arseny Avraamov, inventor of Graphic Sound (drawing directly onto magnetic tape) and a 48-note scale; Alexei Gastev, who coined the term "bio-mechanics"; Leon Theremin, inventor of the(...)
Sound in Z: experiments in sound and electronic music in early 20th century Russia
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Sound in Z supplies the astounding and long-lost chapter in the early story of electronic music: the Soviet experiment, a chapter that runs from 1917 to the late 1930s. Its heroes are Arseny Avraamov, inventor of Graphic Sound (drawing directly onto magnetic tape) and a 48-note scale; Alexei Gastev, who coined the term "bio-mechanics"; Leon Theremin, inventor of the world's first electronic instrument, the Theremin; and others whose dreams for electronic sound were cut short by Stalin's regime. Drawing on materials from numerous Moscow archives, this book reconstructs Avraamov's "Symphony of Sirens," an open-air performance for factory whistles, foghorns and artillery fire first staged in 1922, explores Graphic Sound and recounts Theremin's extraordinary career-compiling the first full account of Russian electronic music.
Acoustics
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These essays by the critic and art historian Benjamin Buchloh have had a significant impact on the theory and practice of art history. Written over the course of three decades and now collected in one volume, they trace a history of crucial artistic transitions, iterations, and paradigmatic shifts in the twentieth century, considering both the evolution and emergence of(...)
Formalism and historicity : models and methods in Twentieth-Century art
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These essays by the critic and art historian Benjamin Buchloh have had a significant impact on the theory and practice of art history. Written over the course of three decades and now collected in one volume, they trace a history of crucial artistic transitions, iterations, and paradigmatic shifts in the twentieth century, considering both the evolution and emergence of artistic forms and the specific historical moment in which they occurred. Buchloh’s subject matter ranges through various moments in the history of twentieth-century American and European art, from the moment of the retour à l’ordre of 1915 to developments in the Soviet Union in the 1920s to the beginnings of Conceptual art in the late 1960s to the appropriation artists of the 1980s.
Art Theory
books
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The idea of fashion under socialism conjures up images of babushka headscarves and black market blue jeans. And yet, as Djurdja Bartlett shows in this groundbreaking book, the socialist East had an intimate relationship with fashion. Official antagonism—which cast fashion as frivolous and antirevolutionary—eventually gave way to grudging acceptance and creeping(...)
Fashion East : the spectre that haunted socialism
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The idea of fashion under socialism conjures up images of babushka headscarves and black market blue jeans. And yet, as Djurdja Bartlett shows in this groundbreaking book, the socialist East had an intimate relationship with fashion. Official antagonism—which cast fashion as frivolous and antirevolutionary—eventually gave way to grudging acceptance and creeping consumerism. Bartlett outlines three phases in socialist fashion, and illustrates them with abundant images from magazines of the period: postrevolutionary utopian dress, official state-sanctioned socialist fashion, and samizdat-style everyday fashion. Utopian dress, ranging from the geometric abstraction of the constructivists under Bolshevism in the Soviet Union to the no-frills desexualized uniform of a factory worker in Czechoslovakia, reflected the revolutionary urge for a clean break with the past. The highly centralized socialist fashion system, part of Stalinist industrialization, offered official prototypes of high fashion that were never available in stores—mythical images of smart and luxurious dresses that symbolized the economic progress that socialist regimes dreamed of. Everyday fashion, starting in the 1950s, was an unofficial, do-it-yourself enterprise: Western fashions obtained through semiclandestine channels or sewn at home. The state tolerated the demand for Western fashion, promising the burgeoning middle class consumer goods in exchange for political loyalty. Bartlett traces the progress of socialist fashion in the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, and Yugoslavia, drawing on state-sponsored socialist women’s magazines, etiquette books, socialist manuals on dress, private archives, and her own interviews with designers, fashion editors, and other key figures. Fashion, she suggests, with all its ephemerality and dynamism, was in perpetual conflict with the socialist regimes’ fear of change and need for control. It was, to echo the famous first sentence from the Communist Manifesto, the spectre that haunted socialism until the end.
books
October 2010
Fashion Design
Mosca 1962
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In the summer of 1962, while still a university student of architecture, Andrea Branzi went to visit his brother Piergiorgio in Moscow, where he was working as a Rai correspondent. This was the world of the Cold War, but the "thaw" heralded by Nikita Khrushchev had somewhat loosened the grip of the Soviet regime. The young Branzi took the chance to wander around the city,(...)
Mosca 1962
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In the summer of 1962, while still a university student of architecture, Andrea Branzi went to visit his brother Piergiorgio in Moscow, where he was working as a Rai correspondent. This was the world of the Cold War, but the "thaw" heralded by Nikita Khrushchev had somewhat loosened the grip of the Soviet regime. The young Branzi took the chance to wander around the city, exploring it from top to bottom. With a curiosity for everything, he was struck by the immense size of the capital, by its new neighbourhoods, by the signs of communism and its history, by the omnipresence of the military, but also by the relaxed outlook of the youth, the department stores, the Russians' carefree relationship with nature, the innocence of the children and the widespread love of chess.
Photography monographs
Alighiero e Boetti: mappa
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In 1971 Alighiero e Boetti commissioned Afghan embroiderers to create a map of the world, with each country bearing the colours and pattern of its flag. The commission grew into a beautifully crafted, large-scale series of maps produced over a period of twenty years in Kabul, Afghanistan and Peshawar, Pakistan. Each map tracked geopolitical changes throughout the world:(...)
Alighiero e Boetti: mappa
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In 1971 Alighiero e Boetti commissioned Afghan embroiderers to create a map of the world, with each country bearing the colours and pattern of its flag. The commission grew into a beautifully crafted, large-scale series of maps produced over a period of twenty years in Kabul, Afghanistan and Peshawar, Pakistan. Each map tracked geopolitical changes throughout the world: the break-up of the Soviet Union, the unification of Germany, disputes over territories in the Middle East and regime changes in the Eurasian peninsula. In this new study, Italian curator Luca Cerizza looks at Boetti's Mappa in relation to world events and the history of map-making, as well as to the contemporary art movements of Minimalism, Conceptualism and Arte Povera. Luca Cerizza is an art historian and curator based in Berlin.
Art Theory
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Vladimir Sorokin’s first published novel, "The Queue," is a sly comedy about the late Soviet 'years of stagnation.' Thousands of citizens are in line for . . . nobody knows quite what, but the rumors are flying. Leather or suede? Jackets, jeans? Turkish, Swedish, maybe even American? It doesn’t matter–if anything is on sale, you better line up to buy it. Sorokin’s tour de(...)
The queue
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Vladimir Sorokin’s first published novel, "The Queue," is a sly comedy about the late Soviet 'years of stagnation.' Thousands of citizens are in line for . . . nobody knows quite what, but the rumors are flying. Leather or suede? Jackets, jeans? Turkish, Swedish, maybe even American? It doesn’t matter–if anything is on sale, you better line up to buy it. Sorokin’s tour de force of ventriloquism and formal daring tells the whole story in snatches of unattributed dialogue, adding up to nothing less than the real voice of the people, overheard on the street as they joke and curse, fall in and out of love, slurp down ice cream or vodka, fill out crossword puzzles, even go to sleep and line up again in the morning as the queue drags on.
Current Exhibitions
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Nikolai Vavilov anticipated the disappearance of plant diversity and within the space of a few decades through study and travel all over the world he found the means of saving it. For political and ideological reasons, Vavilov was condemned to death and left to starve in the dungeon of a Soviet prison. Gradually, on both sides of the iron curtain, his memory began to(...)
Mario del Curto: seeds of the earth
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Nikolai Vavilov anticipated the disappearance of plant diversity and within the space of a few decades through study and travel all over the world he found the means of saving it. For political and ideological reasons, Vavilov was condemned to death and left to starve in the dungeon of a Soviet prison. Gradually, on both sides of the iron curtain, his memory began to fade. One hundred years after Vavilov's first expedition, the photographer Mario Del Curto retraced his footsteps. For four years he met with those who, despite overwhelming obstacles, perpetuate Vavilov's seed prospecting, selection and conservation work in order to save the planet's staple food crops. This book is the unprecedented story of his journey to the heart of the Vavilov Institute and its twelve research stations.
Photography monographs
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In "Havana beyond the Ruins," prominent architects, scholars, and writers based in and outside of Cuba analyze how Havana has been portrayed in literature, music, and the visual arts since Soviet subsidies of Cuba ceased, and the Cuban state has re-imagined Havana as a destination for international tourists and business ventures. Cuba's capital has experienced little(...)
Havana, beyond the ruins: cultural mappings after 1989
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In "Havana beyond the Ruins," prominent architects, scholars, and writers based in and outside of Cuba analyze how Havana has been portrayed in literature, music, and the visual arts since Soviet subsidies of Cuba ceased, and the Cuban state has re-imagined Havana as a destination for international tourists and business ventures. Cuba's capital has experienced little construction since the revolution of 1959; many of its citizens live in poorly maintained colonial and modernist dwellings. It is this Havana--of crumbling houses, old cars, and a romantic aura of ruined hopes--that is marketed in picture books, memorabilia, and films. Bringing together assessments of the city's dwellings and urban development projects, "Havana beyond the Ruins" provides unique insights into issues of memory, citizenship, urban life, and the future of the revolution in Cuba.
Urban Theory