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23 mai 1871. Tandis que les derniers communards sont repoussés vers l'est de Paris par les troupes versaillaises, le palais des Tuileries est livré aux flammes. Douze ans plus tard, ses ruines sont totalement démolies. Qui se souvient encore de cet édifice exceptionnel où se joua le destin de la France ? Construit à partir de 1564 à l'initiative de Catherine de Médicis,(...)
Les Tuileries : château des rois, palais des révolutions
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23 mai 1871. Tandis que les derniers communards sont repoussés vers l'est de Paris par les troupes versaillaises, le palais des Tuileries est livré aux flammes. Douze ans plus tard, ses ruines sont totalement démolies. Qui se souvient encore de cet édifice exceptionnel où se joua le destin de la France ? Construit à partir de 1564 à l'initiative de Catherine de Médicis, le château des Tuileries constitua d'abord un authentique chef-d'oeuvre architectural, dont le destin fut étroitement lié à celui du palais du Louvre, auquel il finit par être entièrement relié sous le Second Empire. Son magnifique jardin à la française - conçu par André Le Nôtre en 1665 - reste à ce jour la promenade la plus célèbre de la capitale. Résidence officielle de tous les souverains à partir de 1789 et centre du pouvoir, le château devint le théâtre de nombreux événements historiques, de la chute de la monarchie en 1792 à celle de l'Empire en 1870 en passant par la fuite de Louis XVI à Varennes, le divorce de Napoléon 1er et Joséphine, la mort de Louis XVIII, l'abdication de Charles X, la chute de Louis-Philippe et le mariage de Napoléon III.
History until 1900, France
Obsolescence des ruines
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Il serait difficile de nier que les ruines occupent une place de plus en plus grande dans l'imaginaire de notre temps. Nous ne parlons pas ici des ruines antiques et gothiques, mais de l'espace délabré des villes contemporaines, comprenant les usines désaffectées, les gares abandonnées, tous les lieux oubliés de la modernité. L'aura noire d'une ville comme Detroit, Pompéi(...)
Obsolescence des ruines
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Il serait difficile de nier que les ruines occupent une place de plus en plus grande dans l'imaginaire de notre temps. Nous ne parlons pas ici des ruines antiques et gothiques, mais de l'espace délabré des villes contemporaines, comprenant les usines désaffectées, les gares abandonnées, tous les lieux oubliés de la modernité. L'aura noire d'une ville comme Detroit, Pompéi actuelle de la désindustrialisation, nimbe chaque bâtiment délaissé du monde. Elle est devenue en quelque temps la Mecque de l'exploration urbaine, dont le Detroit's Michigan Theater transformé en parking représente le cube de la Kaaba autour duquel tournoient les nouveaux pèlerins du Hajj de la dévastation urbaine. La ruine industrielle appartient encore pour une grande part au culte classique du monument effondré. Elle en rejoue la grandeur passée, l'évocation nostalgique de la civilisation fragile et mortelle. Dans les colonnes d'un temple ruiné ou dans les usines en friche, ce sont encore les beaux restes d'un Empire que l'on loue. Nous sommes entrés dans le troisième âge de la ruine. Après le temps des ruines antiques, puis celui ces ruines modernes, voici l'ère de la ruine instantanée, de la ruine du présent lui-même qui, née de l'urgence et vaincue par elle, ne dure plus, mais s'efface au moment même de son édification.
Architectural Theory
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6,000 years of housing
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Part architecture, part history, and part anthropology, this encyclopedic book limns the story of housing around the world from the pre-urban dwellings of nomadic, semi-nomadic, and sedentary agricultural societies to the present. Ancient urban dwellings were inward-looking, ranged around a courtyard. Until fairly recently, these dwelling types survived in indigenous(...)
6,000 years of housing
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Part architecture, part history, and part anthropology, this encyclopedic book limns the story of housing around the world from the pre-urban dwellings of nomadic, semi-nomadic, and sedentary agricultural societies to the present. Ancient urban dwellings were inward-looking, ranged around a courtyard. Until fairly recently, these dwelling types survived in indigenous urban house forms in the Islamic world, India, China, and the Iberian peninsula and Latin America. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, however, outward-looking house forms replaced the ancient form in most of Europe and the New World. In the Middle Ages houses served both as homes and as places of work, but gradually the domestic and business lives of the inhabitants became separate. In the wake of the Industrial Revolution, profound changes in the residential development of the western world occurred: housing became segregated along socioeconomic lines and dwelling types polarized, with low-density, single-family houses at one extreme, and tall, high-density, multifamily tenements and apartments at the other. Side effects of America’s automobile-intensive suburban dream housing include inefficient land use, pollution, and urban decay. "6,000 Years of Housing" chronicles how this came about, and suggests solutions based on a rich variety of historical precedents.
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July 2003, New York
Collective Housing
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On ne le dit jamais assez. Le bleu est la couleur préférée de tout un chacun. Loin devant le vert et le rouge. Du pastel à l'indigo, du marine à l'outremer. On connaît le bleu de Vermeer ; il y a aussi celui de Philippe de Champaigne, celui des portraits-charge sous le Second Empire, des reproductions des poilus dans les tranchées de 14-18, celui des Gauloises... Quels(...)
Bleu l'histoire d'une couleur
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On ne le dit jamais assez. Le bleu est la couleur préférée de tout un chacun. Loin devant le vert et le rouge. Du pastel à l'indigo, du marine à l'outremer. On connaît le bleu de Vermeer ; il y a aussi celui de Philippe de Champaigne, celui des portraits-charge sous le Second Empire, des reproductions des poilus dans les tranchées de 14-18, celui des Gauloises... Quels que soient le sexe, les origines sociales, la profession ou le bagage culturel, le bleu écrase tout. Et le vêtement en est la principale manifestation, des uniformes au jean. Mais il n'en pas toujours été ainsi. Au contraire. Dans l'Antiquité, la couleur bleue est délaissée, voire méprisée. Il faudra presque attendre le roi Arthur pour voir s'imposer le bleu royal. C'est dire si le bleu revient de loin. C'est précisément cette revanche d'une couleur, amorcée au Moyen Âge, que retrace Michel Pastoureau, historien et directeur d'études à l'École pratique des hautes études. Les pratiques sociales (des symboles au lexique, des habits à la vie quotidienne), l'oeuvre des teinturiers, la palette des peintres, la naissance du bleu politique et militaire... Toute une cosmogonie douce, tantôt discrète, tantôt morale. Un ouvrage remarquable, riche en couleurs...
Colour Theory and Design
Anna Tsitsishvili: Tbilisi
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Anna Tsitsishvili’s Tbilisi delivers us a contemporary outlook on Georgia’s vibrant capital at the crossroads between East and West. Her photobook attests that photography can play a role in putting the city back on the map by creating a new visual narrative that transcends the past to embrace authentic moments. Notably, the Soviet era has provided us with a glossy(...)
Anna Tsitsishvili: Tbilisi
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Anna Tsitsishvili’s Tbilisi delivers us a contemporary outlook on Georgia’s vibrant capital at the crossroads between East and West. Her photobook attests that photography can play a role in putting the city back on the map by creating a new visual narrative that transcends the past to embrace authentic moments. Notably, the Soviet era has provided us with a glossy portrayal of the city under the empire, with the aim to convey some specific values through photography that is typical of regimes. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a subtle melancholy has seeped into those photographs. This sentiment reflected the post-imperial events and the Russian occupation, which have left an indelible mark on the entire country, the city, and its inhabitants. A new generation of photographers though has emerged in the past years, with a vision that tries to respond to that sentiment by going beyond the façade and breaking ties with the past. In their images the city looks past the streets, the buildings and the cityscapes. They venture into courtyards, homes, into the private life of people and their sincere details. Anna Tsitsishvili does so too – with her photobook she captivates us primarily with her genuineness. From sumptuous old apartments to lived contemporary rooms, from daily commutes to encounters in the busy streets, a sense of everyday poetry permeates her all-color selection.
Photography monographs
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In 1924 two architects, William Van Alen and Craig Severance (former friends and successful partners, but now bitter adversaries), set out to imprint their individual marks on the rapidly evolving skyline of New York City. Each man desired to build the city’s tallest building, or ‘skyscraper.’ Van Alen was a creative genius who envisioned a bold, contemporary building(...)
Higher : a historic race to the sky and the making of a city
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In 1924 two architects, William Van Alen and Craig Severance (former friends and successful partners, but now bitter adversaries), set out to imprint their individual marks on the rapidly evolving skyline of New York City. Each man desired to build the city’s tallest building, or ‘skyscraper.’ Van Alen was a creative genius who envisioned a bold, contemporary building that would move beyond the tired architecture of the previous century. By a stroke of good fortune he found a larger-than-life patron in automobile magnate Walter Chrysler, and they set out to build the legendary Chrysler building. Severance, by comparison, was a brilliant businessman, and he tapped his circle of downtown, old-money investors to begin construction on the Manhattan Company Building at 40 Wall Street. From ground-breaking to bricklaying, Van Alen and Severance fought a duel of wills. Each man was forced to revamp his architectural design in an attempt to push higher, to overcome his rival in mid-construction, as the structures rose, floor by floor, in record time. Yet just as the battle was underway, a third party entered the arena and announced plans to build an even larger building. This project would be overseen by one of Chrysler’s principal rivals--a representative of the General Motors group--and the building ultimately became known as The Empire State Building.
Gratte-ciels
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This exhibition catalogue explores 'the cult of the ruin', a phenomenon of 18th and early 19th century Europe. Mock ruins were built as 'follies' in landscape gardens, while artists imagined how London would appear as a ruined city after the collapse of the British Empire. In Rome, interiors were painted as trompe l'oeil(...)
Architecture Monographs
January 1999, London
Visions of ruin : architectural fantasies & designs for garden follies
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This exhibition catalogue explores 'the cult of the ruin', a phenomenon of 18th and early 19th century Europe. Mock ruins were built as 'follies' in landscape gardens, while artists imagined how London would appear as a ruined city after the collapse of the British Empire. In Rome, interiors were painted as trompe l'oeil ruins, and in Paris the great chef Antoine Carême served blancmanges in the shape of Roman ruins. John Soane represents the climax of this fascination. In the garden of his Museum at No.13 Lincoln's Inn Fields is the 'Monk's Yard', a mock-ruin assembled from medieval fragments of the Palace of Westminster. At his country house, Pitzhanger Manor in Ealing, he pretended that a mock-classical ruin was a Roman temple he had discovered at the bottom of the garden. He commemorated the completion of his masterpiece, the Bank of England, by exhibiting a series of astonishing views of the structure as if a ruin. He even wrote a narrative, "Crude Hints Towards the History of My House", in which he imagined an archaeologist of future centuries inspecting the fragments of his home. The transcribed text is reprinted in this publication. Architects and artists include Robert Adam, William Chambers, Hubert Robert, Piranesi, Clerrisseau, Richard Wilson, J. M. W. Turner, Gustave Doré and John Martin.
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January 1999, London
Architecture Monographs
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This book is an account of modern architecture in Turkey, placing architecture's history in the larger social, political and cultural context of Turkey's development in the twentieth century. It takes the reader from the end of World War I, when the new Turkish Republic was born out of the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, to the country's democratization after the(...)
Architecture since 1900, Middle-East
November 2011
Turkey
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This book is an account of modern architecture in Turkey, placing architecture's history in the larger social, political and cultural context of Turkey's development in the twentieth century. It takes the reader from the end of World War I, when the new Turkish Republic was born out of the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, to the country's democratization after the 1950s in the midst of the Cold War's competing ideological forces, and finally to the present, with Turkey continuing to be dramatically transformed through globalization, economic integration with the world market and transnational cultural influences, as well as with its renewed preoccupations with identity, including its Islamic and Ottoman heritage. Turkey explores a country on Europe's most eastern margin, and it is unique in tackling the issue of the modern and contemporary periods typically omitted in traditional surveys of modern architecture and Islamic art and architecture. The authors investigate how and why young Turkish architects adopted modernism early in the twentieth century and explore institutional and architect-designed buildings through the decades down to the present day, from government buildings, hotels and factories to apartment blocks and individual homes both urban and rural. They also focus on informal residential areas, and explain how some that have evolved from small settlements to colossal urban quarters exist at a slippery threshold between legality and illegality.
Architecture since 1900, Middle-East
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In this new book, Salvatore Settis traces the ways in which we have related to our "classical" past, starting with post-modern American skyscrapers and working his way back through our cultural history to the attitudes of the Greeks and Romans themselves. Settis argues that this obsession with cultural decay, ruins and a "classical" past is specifically European and the(...)
Architectural Theory
August 2006, Cambridge, Malden (MA)
The future of the 'Classical'
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In this new book, Salvatore Settis traces the ways in which we have related to our "classical" past, starting with post-modern American skyscrapers and working his way back through our cultural history to the attitudes of the Greeks and Romans themselves. Settis argues that this obsession with cultural decay, ruins and a "classical" past is specifically European and the product of a collective cultural trauma following the collapse of the Roman Empire. He demonstrates how the idea of the "classical" has changed over the centuries through an unrelenting decay of "classicism" and its equally unrelenting rebirth in an altered form. In the Modern Era this emulation of the "ancients" by the "moderns" was accompanied by new trends: the increasing belief that the former had now been surpassed by the latter, and an increasing preference for the Greek over the Roman. These conflicting interpretations were as much about the future as they were about the past. No civilization can invent itself if it does not have other societies in other times and other places to act as benchmarks. Settis argues that we will be better equipped to mould new generations for the future once we understand that the "classical" is not a dead culture we inherited and for which we can take no credit, but something startling that has to be re-created every day and is a powerful spur to understanding the "other".
Architectural Theory
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This wide-ranging book provides for the first time a complete view of German Gothic church architecture. Architectural historian Norbert Nussbaum surveys church construction from the early thirteenth to the early sixteenth century in the German-language regions(...)
German gothic church architecture
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This wide-ranging book provides for the first time a complete view of German Gothic church architecture. Architectural historian Norbert Nussbaum surveys church construction from the early thirteenth to the early sixteenth century in the German-language regions of medieval Europe. These areas of the Holy Roman Empire--including Bohemia, Austria, northern Switzerland, Alsace, Silesia, and East Prussia--were hereditary fiefdoms at the time, and their diverse cultures contributed to the extreme variety of German Gothic. Nussbaum looks at this rich period of architectural history from many perspectives and offers an informative tour of dozens of German Gothic churches, spectacular for both their beauty and variety. Soon after the Gothic first influenced German builders in the thirteenth century, it developed in several directions, Nussbaum shows. The differences are reflected in the great cathedral lodges of Cologne and Strasbourg, the conscious poverty of form expressed by the Mendicant orders, and red brick churches on the North Sea and Baltic coasts. A fourteenth-century synthesis of these styles was at last achieved in Prague Cathedral, the only great church financed by a German kaiser, Charles IV. In the fifteenth century, German Late Gothic style--unlike the monarchy-supported style of Germanyís neighbors to the west--evolved as cities undertook the financing of parish churches. This period of design culminated with the construction of transcendent churches early in the sixteenth century, characterized by high, sculptured towers and audacious, sometimes fantastic vault structures.
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January 1900, London
History until 1900