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Cet ouvrage retrace l'histoire méconnue d'un secteur du logement populaire à Paris : les «garnis», à savoir les maisons et hôtels meublés à destination des salariés modestes et des ouvriers. Certains drames de l'année 2005 (incendie de l'hôtel Paris-Opéra : 25 morts) ont de nouveau attiré l'attention sur les rares hôtels meublés qui subsistent aujourd'hui, vétustes et(...)
Une chambre en ville : hôtels meublés et garnis à Paris, 1860-1990
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Cet ouvrage retrace l'histoire méconnue d'un secteur du logement populaire à Paris : les «garnis», à savoir les maisons et hôtels meublés à destination des salariés modestes et des ouvriers. Certains drames de l'année 2005 (incendie de l'hôtel Paris-Opéra : 25 morts) ont de nouveau attiré l'attention sur les rares hôtels meublés qui subsistent aujourd'hui, vétustes et surpeuplés, signe de la pénurie de logements pour les plus démunis. Or, jadis, ces établissements pullulaient dans Paris : près de 10000 logeurs en 1880, et près de 200 000 personnes logées ; au tout début des années 1930, avant la crise économique, près de 350 000 Parisiens (11 % de la population de la capitale !) ne vivaient pas dans leurs meubles. Le migrant d'origine provinciale ou étrangère venant à Paris pour travailler s'installait tout naturellement à l'hôtel. Avoir une chambre en ville, c'était le gage banal d'une indépendance minimum. Cette fonction de sas valait surtout pour les hommes; les femmes, à leur arrivée à Paris, occupaient plutôt des emplois où elles étaient nourries et logées. Avec la crise économique des années 1930, le secteur commença un lent déclin. Au moment de la crise du logement des années 1950, l'hôtel meublé retrouva un second souffle. Le déclin s'accéléra ensuite dans les années 1960. Le garni était devenu dans l'opinion et pour l'État synonyme de taudis et de logement insalubre, destructeur de la famille et de la morale et une partie de ses habitants put accéder au logement social de masse. Subsistèrent longtemps des formes particulières d'accueil des plus pauvres : vieilles maisons insalubres du centre et des faubourgs, bidonvilles, foyers de travailleurs, cités de transit... Rôle rempli auparavant - et souvent infiniment mieux - par le garni. Maintenus en vie comme substitut dérisoire au logement social déficient, ou bien transformés en «résidences sociales», les hôtels sont aujourd'hui bien loin de leur rôle ancien d'habitat de transition entre migration et intégration en ville. Leur survivance, signe de la misère des temps, est aussi le gage du maintien des plus pauvres dans la ville.
Urban Theory
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"Ground-up city : play as a design tool" maps the continuing history of an urban design strategy for play in the city. Liane Lefaivre has developed a theoretical model for tackling playgrounds as an urban strategy. She steps off from a historical overview of play and the ludic in art, architecture and urban design, focusing particularly on the post-war playgrounds(...)
Ground-up city : play as a design tool
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"Ground-up city : play as a design tool" maps the continuing history of an urban design strategy for play in the city. Liane Lefaivre has developed a theoretical model for tackling playgrounds as an urban strategy. She steps off from a historical overview of play and the ludic in art, architecture and urban design, focusing particularly on the post-war playgrounds realized in Amsterdam as joint ventures between Aldo van Eyck, Cornelis van Eesteren and Jakoba Mulder. The architecture firm Döll - Atelier voor Bouwkunst explored the possibility of applying the model in two urban redevelopment areas in Rotterdam, Oude Westen in the inner city and Meeuwenplaat in Hoogvliet, an outlying postwar district, refining it into a practical design strategy. A second layer in the book gives an inspirational and refreshing new look at play in a picture essay with a welter of reference images illustrating play as an urban phenomenon. "Ground-up city" places the playground high on the agenda as an urban design challenge. It also shows how specifying a generic, academic model for a particular situation can lead to a practically applicable design resource.
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January 2007, Rotterdam
Urban Theory
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Los Angeles and New York are ever more crammed with domestic and international migrants; Hartford, St. Louis, Gary, Baltimore and Flint are ever lonelier. This pattern of growth in urban supercenters and flight from midland cities is not just an American phenomenon. The pioneering German project "IBA Urban Redevelopment 2010" begins from the premise that our present(...)
The Other Cities : vol. 5 instuments
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Los Angeles and New York are ever more crammed with domestic and international migrants; Hartford, St. Louis, Gary, Baltimore and Flint are ever lonelier. This pattern of growth in urban supercenters and flight from midland cities is not just an American phenomenon. The pioneering German project "IBA Urban Redevelopment 2010" begins from the premise that our present methods of urban planning will prove inadequate for the long-term demands of shrinking cities. How can new instruments be developed? What disciplines should be involved? The fifth IBA title on this topic presents the current tools of planning for urban redevelopment--political, developmental and public-private--and suggests new ground; from new methods of information exchange and cooperation to broad interdisciplinary approaches and practical new forms of project communication and quality management.
Urban Theory
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Aeolian Winds and the Spirit in Renaissance Architecture introduces new dimensions of thinking about architectural theory. Investigating Renaissance pneumatic architecture with respect to other disciplines of arts and sciences, the collected essays substantiate the thesis that pneuma (air, wind, spirit, soul) is a fundamental link for establishing harmony among the human(...)
Aeolian winds and the spirit in renaissance architecture
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Aeolian Winds and the Spirit in Renaissance Architecture introduces new dimensions of thinking about architectural theory. Investigating Renaissance pneumatic architecture with respect to other disciplines of arts and sciences, the collected essays substantiate the thesis that pneuma (air, wind, spirit, soul) is a fundamental link for establishing harmony among the human body, a building, and the cosmos. While much of sixteenth and seventeenth century scholarship has been devoted to the mathematics of ideal architecture, the book proves that essence, wind and ventilation are all part of the classical principles of building, and that one of the primary goals of Renaissance architects was to enhance the powers of pneuma so as to foster the art of well-being. This volume, written by leading architectural historians and scholars, delineates ancient and Renaissance theories and practice of pneumatology, and indicates a link to contemporary environmental questions. It examines Anaximenes, Hippocrates, Galen, Trento, Romano, Alberti, Serlio, Palladio, Scamozzi and other thinkers and humanists. Moreover, the essays illustrate the most famous examples of hygienico-therapeutic villas, including Rotonda, La Rocca Pisana and Eolia, a pneumatic model of Renaissance Venetian architecture.
Architectural Theory
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Taking a radical position counter to many previous histories and theories of the interior, domesticity and the home, "The emergence of the interior" considers how the concept and experience of the domestic interior have been formed from the beginning of the nineteenth century. It considers the interior's emergence in relation to the thinking of Walter Benjamin and Sigmund(...)
The emergence of the interior : architecture, modernity, domesticity
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Taking a radical position counter to many previous histories and theories of the interior, domesticity and the home, "The emergence of the interior" considers how the concept and experience of the domestic interior have been formed from the beginning of the nineteenth century. It considers the interior's emergence in relation to the thinking of Walter Benjamin and Sigmund Freud, and, through case studies, in architecture's trajectories toward modernism. The book argues that the interior emerged with a sense of 'doubleness', being understood and experienced as both a spatial and an image-based condition. Incorporating perspectives from architecture, critical history and theory, and psychoanalysis, "The emergence of the interior" will be of interest to academics and students of the history and theory of architecture and design, social history, and cultural studies.
Architectural Theory
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"Olympic cities" provides the first full overview of the changing relationship between cities and the Olympic events since 1896. With eighteen specially commissioned and original essays written by a team of authors from the U.K. and overseas, it explores the historical experience of staging the Olympics from the point of view of the host city.
Olympic cities : city agendas, planning, and the World's games, 1896-2012
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"Olympic cities" provides the first full overview of the changing relationship between cities and the Olympic events since 1896. With eighteen specially commissioned and original essays written by a team of authors from the U.K. and overseas, it explores the historical experience of staging the Olympics from the point of view of the host city.
Urban Theory
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Never before have so many people lived in an urban environment: More than half the world's current population does, and that number is expected to rise to two-thirds by 2050. The contemporary city is the arena where all of the diverse forms of power and the far-reaching impacts of globalization must interact. This situation confronts us with issues that are more urgent(...)
Urban Theory
August 2007, Rotterdam
Visionary power : Producing the contemporary city
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Never before have so many people lived in an urban environment: More than half the world's current population does, and that number is expected to rise to two-thirds by 2050. The contemporary city is the arena where all of the diverse forms of power and the far-reaching impacts of globalization must interact. This situation confronts us with issues that are more urgent than ever before: What is the contemporary city? Who and what "produces" it? Which forces steer its development? What is the potential role of the architect?This volume draws together research about the foundations of the contemporary city; discusses forces that have a bearing on its development; formulates the challenges for today's architects and urban planners; and presents strategies with which they can operate in the midst of this interplay of forces, on the basis of topical, coherent visions for the twenty-first century city.
Urban Theory
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In response to the contentious process surrounding the selection of a design for the World Trade Center site, the use of spectacular buildings to brand cities and institutions, and the dizzying transformations of the skylines of Shanghai and Dubai, public awareness of architecture and design has perhaps never been higher. At the same time, architecture itself is(...)
The new architectural pragmatism
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In response to the contentious process surrounding the selection of a design for the World Trade Center site, the use of spectacular buildings to brand cities and institutions, and the dizzying transformations of the skylines of Shanghai and Dubai, public awareness of architecture and design has perhaps never been higher. At the same time, architecture itself is undergoing an identity crisis as it confronts fundamental issues: the effect of digital technology on design, the pervasive impact of global capitalism, and whether to embrace or resist popular media and taste. The New Architectural Pragmatism collects the most provocative, penetrating, and influential attempts by leading theorists and practitioners in the field to define what architectural practice should be at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Written in the aftermath of modernism’s utopian impulse and postmodernism’s detached playfulness, the essays gathered here express and critique a new spirit of cultural and political engagement with contemporary society. Interrogating the architect’s social responsibility, the contributors deliberate about how much we should ask of architecture and suggest that in the coming century, architecture must be at once flexible and robust, responsive and self-directed.
Architectural Theory
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Strategically situated at the gateway to the Mississippi River yet standing atop a former swamp, New Orleans was from the first what geographer Peirce Lewis called an "impossible but inevitable city." How New Orleans came to be, taking shape between the mutual and often contradictory forces of nature and urban development, is the subject of "An unnatural metropolis".(...)
An unatural metropolis : wresting New Orleans from nature
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Strategically situated at the gateway to the Mississippi River yet standing atop a former swamp, New Orleans was from the first what geographer Peirce Lewis called an "impossible but inevitable city." How New Orleans came to be, taking shape between the mutual and often contradictory forces of nature and urban development, is the subject of "An unnatural metropolis". Craig E. Colten traces engineered modifications to New Orleans's natural environment from 1800 to 2000 and demonstrates that, though all cities must contend with their physical settings, New Orleans may be the city most dependent on human-induced transformations of its precarious site. In a new preface, Colten shows how Hurricane Katrina exemplifies the inability of human artifice to exclude nature from cities and he urges city planners to keep the environment in mind as they contemplate New Orleans's future. Urban geographers frequently have portrayed cities as the antithesis of nature, but in "An unnatural metropolis", Colten introduces a critical environmental perspective to the history of urban areas. His amply illustrated work offers an in-depth look at a city and society uniquely shaped by the natural forces it has sought to harness.
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September 2006, Baton Rouge
Urban Theory
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Gardens contain time, culture, and nature. They are powerful symbolic spaces onto which a society can project its ideals, either to conjure or contrive cultural change, rooting them in the flow of natural processes. Five authors explore the variety of relationships between garden making and cultural change in Argentina, the Caribbean, Mexico, and the United States. They(...)
Gardens and Cultural Change: a Pan-American Perspective
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Gardens contain time, culture, and nature. They are powerful symbolic spaces onto which a society can project its ideals, either to conjure or contrive cultural change, rooting them in the flow of natural processes. Five authors explore the variety of relationships between garden making and cultural change in Argentina, the Caribbean, Mexico, and the United States. They show how gardens express popular cultural invention and attempts at political manipulation, as well as provide places of cultural resistance by subjugated people. Issues of identity and ideology; political coercion and resistance apply equally throughout the continent, inviting a renewed attention to gardens as places where cultural identities are forged and contested.
Landscape Theory