Land, protest. and politics: the Landless Movement and the struggle for Agrarian reform in Brazil
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Brazil is a country of extreme inequalities, one of the most important of which is the acute concentration of rural land ownership. In recent decades, however, poor landless workers have mounted a major challenge to this state of affairs. A broad grassroots social movement led by the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST) has mobilized hundreds of thousands of families(...)
Land, protest. and politics: the Landless Movement and the struggle for Agrarian reform in Brazil
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Brazil is a country of extreme inequalities, one of the most important of which is the acute concentration of rural land ownership. In recent decades, however, poor landless workers have mounted a major challenge to this state of affairs. A broad grassroots social movement led by the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST) has mobilized hundreds of thousands of families to pressure authorities for land reform through mass protest. This book explores the evolution of the landless movement from its birth during the twilight years of Brazil's military dictatorship through the first government of Luiz In cio Lula da Silva. It uses this case to test a number of major theoretical perspectives on social movements and engages in a critical dialogue with both contemporary political opportunity theory and Mancur Olson's classic economic theory of collective action.
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Future transport in cities
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Richards shows that attractive and practical alternatives to a car dependent society are possible. With the growth of car ownership and use reaching crisis proportions in our cities it is imperative to find and implement alternatives if cities are to survive and prosper. He reveals how transport technology is developing, in particular, showing how it can be integrated(...)
Transportation, Tourism, Migration
October 2001, London
Future transport in cities
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Richards shows that attractive and practical alternatives to a car dependent society are possible. With the growth of car ownership and use reaching crisis proportions in our cities it is imperative to find and implement alternatives if cities are to survive and prosper. He reveals how transport technology is developing, in particular, showing how it can be integrated into the urban environment. The book opens with a look at the "best" of current transportation systems and goes on to explore such advanced technologies as automated highways, covered cities, monorails, new elevated systems, smart cars, guided buses, as well as intelligent highways, and car-free housing. The importance, too, of simple measures such as walking and cycling are covered as being an essential part of any future city as well as that of an "integrated transport" if people are to be encouraged to get out of their cars.
books
October 2001, London
Transportation, Tourism, Migration
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What does it mean to publish today? In the face of a changing media landscape, institutional upheavals, and discursive shifts in the legal, artistic, and political fields, concepts of ownership, authorship, work, accessibility, and publicity are being renegotiated. The field of publishing not only stands at the intersection of these developments but is also introducing(...)
Publishing as artistic practice
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What does it mean to publish today? In the face of a changing media landscape, institutional upheavals, and discursive shifts in the legal, artistic, and political fields, concepts of ownership, authorship, work, accessibility, and publicity are being renegotiated. The field of publishing not only stands at the intersection of these developments but is also introducing new ruptures. How the traditional publishing framework has been cast adrift, and which opportunities are surfacing in its stead, is discussed here by artists, publishers, and scholars through the examination of recent publishing concepts emerging from the experimental literature and art scene, where publishing is often part of an encompassing artistic practice. The number and diversity of projects among the artists, writers, and publishers concerned with these matters show that it is time to move the question of publishing from the margin to the center of aesthetic and academic discourse.
Book Design
Architecture and authorship
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Architecture and Authorship comprises 17 essays, encompassing a variety of contemporary and historical case studies, which explore issues of authorship, ownership and "copyright" in architecture. The book documents how, from the fifteenth century onwards, individual architects and movements have endeavoured to maintain their status by defending what they see as their own(...)
Architectural Theory
June 2007, London
Architecture and authorship
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Architecture and Authorship comprises 17 essays, encompassing a variety of contemporary and historical case studies, which explore issues of authorship, ownership and "copyright" in architecture. The book documents how, from the fifteenth century onwards, individual architects and movements have endeavoured to maintain their status by defending what they see as their own unique territory -- the origins and intentions of their work, and their signature style. Written contributions from international experts in architecture and art history cover a variety of fascinating topics, including domestic space; eighteenth century landscape gardens; the Berlin of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century; and postmodernism and the "Death of the Author;" as well as exploring the work of luminaries from Ernst Neufert and Cedric Price to Rem Koolhaas. Architecture and Authorship is a lavishly illustrated alternative look at the history and culture of architecture, and the thought processes and ideas behind a variety of architectural "practices."
Architectural Theory
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The earliest libraries belonged to temples and administrative bodies, resembled our modern archives, and were usually restricted to the aristocracy, nobility, theologians, and for the use of scholars. Dispersed along the shelves of the British Library today are many volumes that once stood side by side in private libraries. This collection of essays explores some of(...)
Commercial interiors, Building types
January 2010
Libraries within the library: the origins of the Bristish library's printed collections
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The earliest libraries belonged to temples and administrative bodies, resembled our modern archives, and were usually restricted to the aristocracy, nobility, theologians, and for the use of scholars. Dispersed along the shelves of the British Library today are many volumes that once stood side by side in private libraries. This collection of essays explores some of the most important printed collections which have been brought together within the British Museum Library since its foundation in 1753, casting new light on the individuals whose personal interests and taste they reflect. Ranging from the library of Henry VIII to Sir Joseph Banks, and from Sir Hans Sloane to George III, this volume also acts as a handbook to provenance within the British Library collections, providing guidance on the interpretation of marks of ownership, stamps, shelfmarks and other forms of evidence to be found in particular copies.
Commercial interiors, Building types
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Jerusalem currently stands at the center of a violent controversy that threatens the stability of both the Middle East and the world. This volatility, observes Annabel Jane Wharton, is only the most recent manifestation of a centuries-old obsession with the control of the Holy City—military occupation and pilgrimage being two familiar forms of “ownership.” Wharton makes(...)
Selling Jerusalem : relics, replicas, theme parks
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Jerusalem currently stands at the center of a violent controversy that threatens the stability of both the Middle East and the world. This volatility, observes Annabel Jane Wharton, is only the most recent manifestation of a centuries-old obsession with the control of the Holy City—military occupation and pilgrimage being two familiar forms of “ownership.” Wharton makes the innovative argument here that the West has also sought to possess Jerusalem by acquiring its representations. From relics of the True Cross and Templar replicas of the Holy Sepulchre to Franciscan recreations of the Passion to nineteenth-century mass-produced prints and contemporary theme parks, Wharton describes the evolving forms by which the city has been possessed in the West. She also maps those changing embodiments of the Holy City against shifts in the western market. From the gift-and-barter economy of the early Middle Ages to contemporary globalization, both money and the representations of Jerusalem have become progressively incorporeal, abstract, illusionistic, and virtual.
Arch Middle East
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''Raum'' simply affirms an undefined 'space' and with this work for Angle the Japanese photographer Hayahisa Tomiyasu selects a tiny slice of the richness of public space. An observation of a lizard basking in the sun on a summer’s day in Zürich has led to a photographic sequence in black and white – in portrait as well as landscape format. The demarcation of the(...)
Angle 26° : Hayahisa Tomiyasu, Raum
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''Raum'' simply affirms an undefined 'space' and with this work for Angle the Japanese photographer Hayahisa Tomiyasu selects a tiny slice of the richness of public space. An observation of a lizard basking in the sun on a summer’s day in Zürich has led to a photographic sequence in black and white – in portrait as well as landscape format. The demarcation of the photographic space – the extremely limited detail – is consistently kept low, around ground level. Through the sequential and the serial, with a point of departure in the close surroundings, Tomiyasu is preoccupied with new views of various territories in the shared space where we are separated from others’ invisible boundaries. Here the animals are subject to an alternative, instinct-driven logic. But humans too operate with distance, marking and ownership. An urge for invisibility and camouflage can appear on the radar at any time, and make us want to scuttle away like a lizard.
Photography monographs
books
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"Do It Yourself" investigates the history behind the current do-it-yourself craze in home repair and remodeling. The origins of home improvement can be traced to the early part of the century, when (...)
Graphic Design and Typography
April 1998, New York
Do it yourself : home improvement in twentieth century America
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"Do It Yourself" investigates the history behind the current do-it-yourself craze in home repair and remodeling. The origins of home improvement can be traced to the early part of the century, when government loan programmes placed home ownership within the reach of growing numbers of families, mass-circulation magazines began providing their readers with information about home renovation, and increasing numbers of Americans turned to the manual arts and handicrafts as leisure-time pursuits. World War II provided many Americans with the skills and confidence to undertake home-improvement projects on their own, and after the war, changes in the manufacturing and retailing of tools and equipment created new possibilities for transforming one's home. The text of "Do It Yourself", which investigates topics ranging from women's roles in home repair to historic preservation, is a lively mix of illustrations--including period photographs, magazine spreads, and advertisements--and clearly written analysis of the trends
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April 1998, New York
Graphic Design and Typography
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''Spatializing justice'' calls for architects and urban designers to do more than design buildings and physical systems. Architects should take a position against inequality and practice accordingly. With these thirty short, manifesto-like texts—building blocks for a new kind of architecture—Spatializing Justice offers a practical handbook for confronting social and(...)
October 2022
Spatializing justice: Building blocks
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''Spatializing justice'' calls for architects and urban designers to do more than design buildings and physical systems. Architects should take a position against inequality and practice accordingly. With these thirty short, manifesto-like texts—building blocks for a new kind of architecture—Spatializing Justice offers a practical handbook for confronting social and economic inequality and uneven urban growth in architectural and planning practice, urging practitioners to adopt approaches that range from redefining infrastructure to retrofitting McMansions. These building blocks call for expanded modes of practice, through which architects can imagine new spatial procedures, political and economic strategies, and modalities of sociability. Challenging existing exclusionary policies can advance a more experimental architecture not bound by formal parameters. Architects must think of themselves as designers not only of things but of civic processes, complicate the ideas of ownership and property, and imagine new sites of research, pedagogy, and intervention. As one of the texts advises, ''The questions must be different questions if we want different answers.''
The Immaterial
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In ''The Immaterial'', French social philosopher André Gorz (1923–2007) argues that the economic boom that accelerated in the 1990s and crashed so spectacularly in 2008 was based largely on an immaterial consumption of symbols and ideas, as capitalism tried to overcome the crisis of the formally industrial regime by throwing itself into a new, so-called knowledge economy.(...)
The Immaterial
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In ''The Immaterial'', French social philosopher André Gorz (1923–2007) argues that the economic boom that accelerated in the 1990s and crashed so spectacularly in 2008 was based largely on an immaterial consumption of symbols and ideas, as capitalism tried to overcome the crisis of the formally industrial regime by throwing itself into a new, so-called knowledge economy. In this volume, Gorz argues instead for the creation of a true knowledge economy. This economy would be based on zero-cost exchange and pooled resources, and knowledge would be treated as humanity's common property. Currently, in order to exploit knowledge and turn it into capital, the capitalist enterprise privatizes specialized knowledge and claims ownership through private licenses and copyright. But as Gorz shows, the traditional foundations of such capitalist economics have begun to crumble because of the immaterial nature of this new form of product, which makes it almost impossible to measure in monetary terms.
Art Theory