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Los Angeles's history is a story of conflicting visions. Most historians, journalists, and filmmakers have focused on L.A. as a bastion of corporate greed, business boosterism, political corruption, cheap labor, exploited immigrants, and unregulated sprawl. "The next Los Angeles" tells a different story: that of the reformers and radicals who have struggled for(...)
Urban Theory
August 2006, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London
The next Los Angeles : the struggle for a livable city, updated with a new preface
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Los Angeles's history is a story of conflicting visions. Most historians, journalists, and filmmakers have focused on L.A. as a bastion of corporate greed, business boosterism, political corruption, cheap labor, exploited immigrants, and unregulated sprawl. "The next Los Angeles" tells a different story: that of the reformers and radicals who have struggled for alternative visions of social and economic justice. The authors chronicle efforts of progressive social movements that worked throughout the twentieth century to create a more livable, just, and democratic Los Angeles. These movements-what the authors call Progressive L.A.-have produced a new kind of labor movement, community-oriented environmentalism, and multi-ethnic coalition politics. This book shows how reformers have fought to transform a city characterized by huge economic disparities, concrete-encased rivers, and an endless landscape of subdivisions, freeways, and malls into a progressive model for regions around the country. "The next Los Angeles" includes a decade-by-decade historical snapshot of the city's progressive social movements and an in-depth exploration of key trends that are remaking L.A. at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It examines L.A.'s changing political landscape, including grassroots initiatives to construct a new agenda for social transformation.
Urban Theory
books
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L'idéologie mondialiste voudrait que, tôt ou tard, nul n'échappe à habiter de la même manière, à satisfaire des besoins identiques et à construire des villes similaires. Or, sous réserve d'y prêter quelque attention, les vécus et représentations s'avèrent bien plus complexes. Mieux ils résistent à l'homogénéisation rampante. C 'est «un changement d'échelle qui rend,(...)
Architectural Theory
December 2006, Paris
Chez nous : territoires et identités dans les mondes contemporains
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L'idéologie mondialiste voudrait que, tôt ou tard, nul n'échappe à habiter de la même manière, à satisfaire des besoins identiques et à construire des villes similaires. Or, sous réserve d'y prêter quelque attention, les vécus et représentations s'avèrent bien plus complexes. Mieux ils résistent à l'homogénéisation rampante. C 'est «un changement d'échelle qui rend, précise Marc Augé, très difficile l'analyse, l'interprétation de l'histoire et même le comportement». Ainsi s'explique le dilemme contemporain : des territoires différents préfigurent-ils des identités distinctes, et réciproquement des identités distinctes appellent-elles des territoires spécifiques ? Interrogeant le monde ou des contrées imaginaires, dans une approche volontairement interdisciplinaire, architectes, anthropologues, géographes, urbanistes, sociologues et politologues ont réfléchi aux relations entre identités et territoires, en scrutant leurs effets sur l'architecture et l'urbanisme, sur la notion de frontières matérielles et symboliques ou, plus généralement, sur la conception d'un «chez nous» se déclinant à plusieurs échelles sociales et géographiques. Malgré certains constats d'uniformisation, ou d'ethnicisation, ces travaux laissent émerger une intelligence humaine, assez rusée pour fuir les extrêmes et penser le «chez nous» de manière plurielle, flexible et contextuelle.
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December 2006, Paris
Architectural Theory
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From the Introduction: "The Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design has been awarded every other year since 1986. Its objective is to recognize the remarkable value of urban design projects around the globe. This time, the prize goes to the City of Aleppo, for the rehabilitation of its historic town. The project has been carried out by the Old City Department of the(...)
Aleppo : rehabilitation of the Old City
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From the Introduction: "The Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design has been awarded every other year since 1986. Its objective is to recognize the remarkable value of urban design projects around the globe. This time, the prize goes to the City of Aleppo, for the rehabilitation of its historic town. The project has been carried out by the Old City Department of the City of Aleppo, in collaboration with GTZ (German Technical Cooperation) and the efforts of many individual citizens. This recent experience in central Aleppo shows us how urban rehabilitation in a historic setting can transmit a vital new meaning when the main focus of the project is restoring urban fabric rather than rebuilding monuments; key to improving current conditions is understanding that the city's physical layout synthesizes its evolution. Furthermore, the effort demonstrates that the city's inhabitants can be the protagonists of such improvements."
Urban Theory
books
La dernière pierre
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Un homme atteint un village de haute montagne, à Bali, là où ne parviennent jamais les étrangers. Il est là pour y apporter la dernière pierre de la collection de son père disparu et y découvrir l'énigme de sa naissance. Un récit singulier et envoûtant, hanté par la musique des pierres, la présence des morts, la quête d'une origine à assigner à chaque être et à chaque(...)
La dernière pierre
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Un homme atteint un village de haute montagne, à Bali, là où ne parviennent jamais les étrangers. Il est là pour y apporter la dernière pierre de la collection de son père disparu et y découvrir l'énigme de sa naissance. Un récit singulier et envoûtant, hanté par la musique des pierres, la présence des morts, la quête d'une origine à assigner à chaque être et à chaque chose, la recherche du sens et le vertige de la perte. Gilles Clément, paysagiste, initiateur du concept de jardin planétaire et d'écologie humaniste, et de tiers paysage.
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October 1999, Paris
Landscape Theory
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The average lifespan of a house is somewhere around 100 years. During that time it will see many mutations in household make-up and the associated spatial rituals. So designers are faced with the task of giving form to something that is constantly subject to change. Many studies into flexibility focus on the changeable, on movable partitions and variation in the internal(...)
Frame and generic space : a study into the changeable dwelling proceeding from the permanent
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The average lifespan of a house is somewhere around 100 years. During that time it will see many mutations in household make-up and the associated spatial rituals. So designers are faced with the task of giving form to something that is constantly subject to change. Many studies into flexibility focus on the changeable, on movable partitions and variation in the internal layout. The present study takes not the changeable but the permanent as its departure-point. The permanent, meaning the more durable component of the house or building, constitutes the frame within which change can take place. The frame defines the generic space, the space in which change can occur. Design by Piet Gerards.
Architectural Theory
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Manifeste autant qu'analyse, cet ouvrage constitue un plaidoyer pour la nécessité d'un superflu. S'élevant contre les excès du fonctionalisme ambiant, Robert Venturi montre, à l'aide de quelques deux cents exemples puisés dans le patrimoine commun des civilisations occidentales qu'une œuvre architecturale répond à plusieurs fins : il démontre qu'il est possible d'assurer(...)
De l'ambiguité en architecture
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Manifeste autant qu'analyse, cet ouvrage constitue un plaidoyer pour la nécessité d'un superflu. S'élevant contre les excès du fonctionalisme ambiant, Robert Venturi montre, à l'aide de quelques deux cents exemples puisés dans le patrimoine commun des civilisations occidentales qu'une œuvre architecturale répond à plusieurs fins : il démontre qu'il est possible d'assurer la complexité et la contradiction et, sans nuire à la fonction, de doter l'œuvre d'une ambiguïté enrichissante.
Architectural Theory
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Wartime gardens are dramatic examples of what landscape architect Kenneth Helphand calls defiant gardens—gardens created in extreme social, political, economic, or cultural conditions. Illustrated with ninety-five compelling archival photographs and illustrations, some from the Gulf Wars, this remarkable book examines gardens of war in the twentieth century—a period(...)
Defiant gardens : making gardens in wartime
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Wartime gardens are dramatic examples of what landscape architect Kenneth Helphand calls defiant gardens—gardens created in extreme social, political, economic, or cultural conditions. Illustrated with ninety-five compelling archival photographs and illustrations, some from the Gulf Wars, this remarkable book examines gardens of war in the twentieth century—a period of the deadliest wars in human history—including gardens soldiers built inside and behind the trenches in World War I; gardens built in the Warsaw and other ghettos under the Nazis during World War II; gardens in the POW and civilian internment camps of both world wars; and gardens created by Japanese Americans held at U.S. internment camps during World War II. Proving that gardens are far more than peaceful respites from the outside world, "Defiant gardens" is a thought-provoking analysis of why people build and work in gardens. Helphand portrays the dramatic range of circumstances in which people have created gardens—as a means of nourishment, as a pursuit of beauty, and as an expression of hope. This history of gardens during wartime documents how gardens have humanized landscapes and experience, even under the most dire conditions.
Landscape Theory
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Le paysage est aujourd'hui très présent, dans la sphère publique comme dans la sphère privée. Nous l'associons à nos souvenirs les plus intimes grâce à nos photos et à nos films. Nous "paysageons" nos places, nos autoroutes et nos gares TGV. En France, il entre dans les compétences de trois ministères et une Convention européenne du paysage a été adoptée à Florence en(...)
Naissance et renaissance du paysage
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Le paysage est aujourd'hui très présent, dans la sphère publique comme dans la sphère privée. Nous l'associons à nos souvenirs les plus intimes grâce à nos photos et à nos films. Nous "paysageons" nos places, nos autoroutes et nos gares TGV. En France, il entre dans les compétences de trois ministères et une Convention européenne du paysage a été adoptée à Florence en 2002. Pourtant, le mot paysage est un nouveau venu dans les langues de notre continent. Né au XVIe siècle dans les ateliers de peintres, il a mis du temps pour acquérir la place de choix qu'il occupe aujourd'hui. De là une question simple : avant, que se passait-il ? Nos lointains ancêtres étaient-ils insensibles à la vue des paysages ? Pour y répondre, Michel Baridon est remonté à l'Antiquité où il a trouvé de très beaux paysages, parfois à l'état de fragments, comme des tessons sur un champ de fouilles, parfois intacts dans des poèmes, sur les murs de villas ou même finement ciselés dans l'améthyste d'une bague. Suivant le fil du temps, il explique ensuite pourquoi le haut Moyen Age a figé le paysage en le symbolisant, et comment le retour à l'étude de la nature l'a fait renaître, triomphant, dans les écrits de Pétrarque et dans les fresques peintes par Ambrogio Lorenzetti sur les murs du Palazzo pubblico de Sienne.
Landscape Theory
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Since its founding in 1898, the Art Commission of the City of New York (ACNY) has served as the city’s aesthetic gatekeeper, evaluating all works of art intended for display on city property. And over the years, the commission’s domain has expanded dramatically to include everything from parks and courthouses to trash cans and sidewalks. In "The politics of urban beauty",(...)
The politics of urban beauty : New York and its art commission
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Since its founding in 1898, the Art Commission of the City of New York (ACNY) has served as the city’s aesthetic gatekeeper, evaluating all works of art intended for display on city property. And over the years, the commission’s domain has expanded dramatically to include everything from parks and courthouses to trash cans and sidewalks. In "The politics of urban beauty", Michele H. Bogart argues that this unprecedented authority has made the commission host to some complex negotiations — involving artists, architects, business leaders, activists, and politicians — about not only the role of art in urban design, but also the shape and meaning of the city and its public spaces. A former vice president of the ACNY, Bogart tells its story here from an insider’s perspective, tracing the commission’s history from its origins as an outgrowth of progressive reform to its role in New York’s reconstruction after 9/11. Drawing on archival correspondence, drawings, and photographs from commission collections, Bogart presents examples of works — ranging from New Deal murals to Louis Kahn’s unbuilt Memorial to Six Million Jewish Martyrs — that illuminate the ACNY’s role in shaping New York’s identity. The Politics of Urban Beauty is thus a fascinating history of a New York art world that paralleled—and sometimes unpredictably intersected with—the more familiar realm of prominent architects, painters, galleries, and museums. Bogart’s fresh view adds a critical dimension to our understanding of “the city beautiful” and makes an important and lively contribution to the study of art history, urban design, and New York City itself.
Urban Theory
The plan of Chicago
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Arguably the most influential document in the history of urban planning, Daniel Burnham’s 1909 Plan of Chicago, coauthored by Edward Bennett and produced in collaboration with the Commercial Club of Chicago, proposed many of the city’s most distinctive features, including its lakefront parks and roadways, the Magnificent Mile, and Navy Pier. Carl Smith’s history reveals(...)
The plan of Chicago
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Arguably the most influential document in the history of urban planning, Daniel Burnham’s 1909 Plan of Chicago, coauthored by Edward Bennett and produced in collaboration with the Commercial Club of Chicago, proposed many of the city’s most distinctive features, including its lakefront parks and roadways, the Magnificent Mile, and Navy Pier. Carl Smith’s history reveals the Plan’s central role in shaping the ways people envision the cityscape and urban life itself. Smith’s narrative begins with a survey of Chicago’s stunning rise from a tiny frontier settlement to the nation’s second-largest city. He then offers an illuminating exploration of the Plan’s creation and reveals how it embodies the renowned architect’s belief that cities can and must be remade for the better. The Plan defined the City Beautiful movement and was the first comprehensive attempt to reimagine a major American city. Smith points out the ways the Plan continues to influence debates, even a century after its publication, about how to create a vibrant and habitable urban environment.
Urban Theory