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In the decades preceding World War II, professional architecture schools enrolled increasing numbers of women, but career success did not come easily. "Women architects at work" tells the stories of the resilient and resourceful women who surmounted barriers of sexism, racism, and classism to take on crucial roles in the establishment and growth of Modernism across the(...)
Women architects at work: Making American modernism
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In the decades preceding World War II, professional architecture schools enrolled increasing numbers of women, but career success did not come easily. "Women architects at work" tells the stories of the resilient and resourceful women who surmounted barriers of sexism, racism, and classism to take on crucial roles in the establishment and growth of Modernism across the United States. Mary Anne Hunting and Kevin D. Murphy describe how the Cambridge School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture in Massachusetts evolved for the professional education of women between 1916 and 1942. While alumnae such as Eleanor Agnes Raymond, Victorine du Pont Homsey, and Sarah Pillsbury Harkness achieved some notoriety, others like Elizabeth-Ann Campbell Knapp and Louisa Vaughan Conrad have been largely absent from histories of Modernism. Hunting and Murphy describe how these innovative practitioners capitalized on social, educational, and professional ties to achieve success and used architecture to address social concerns, including how modernist ideas could engage with community and the environment.
Modernism
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The suburban Dutch neighborhood of Hoogyliet, just outside Rotterdam, was designed after World War II along Modernist lines. Over the ensuing years, the district became more and more rundown and economically depressed. Then the WiMBY! project came along--its mission to raise the standard of this increasingly blighted neighborhood by developing a range of experimental(...)
Urban Theory
January 2008, Rotterdam
Wimby! Hoogvliet: future, past and present of a new town
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The suburban Dutch neighborhood of Hoogyliet, just outside Rotterdam, was designed after World War II along Modernist lines. Over the ensuing years, the district became more and more rundown and economically depressed. Then the WiMBY! project came along--its mission to raise the standard of this increasingly blighted neighborhood by developing a range of experimental buildings for the town's regeneration, as well as smaller-scale architectural, urban-planning, visual-art and sociocultural projects. This densely adorable paperback tells the whole story, focusing on the positive achievements and lessons drawn, with copious illustrations of all the resulting buildings and designs. It's a must-have for any design professionals interested in real, working urban renewal but also an uplifting manual for a more general audience: the book reads like a fairytale, tracing the many ups and downs of the WiMBY! project in frank detail in a format that is as informative as it is lively and humorous.
Urban Theory
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At a time when many of the past decades' urban renewal projects are facing the wrecking ball, Detroit's Lafayette Park continues to be a model of urban livability. This in-depth look at the project explores why. Amid the oppressive urban blight of post-World War II Detroit, the Lafayette Park project emerged as a vibrant point of optimism and viability. Planned by Ludwig(...)
Case : Hilberseimer/ Mies van der Rohe Lafayette park Detroit
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At a time when many of the past decades' urban renewal projects are facing the wrecking ball, Detroit's Lafayette Park continues to be a model of urban livability. This in-depth look at the project explores why. Amid the oppressive urban blight of post-World War II Detroit, the Lafayette Park project emerged as a vibrant point of optimism and viability. Planned by Ludwig Hilberseimer, with concrete, glass, and steel buildings designed by Mies van der Rohe, and a park and gardens designed by Alfred This latest volume in the CASE series published in collaboration with the Harvard University's Graduate School of Design examines an often-overlooked paragon of modern architecture's highest goals. Today, while public housing and other urban renewal projects are being abandoned and even torn down, this volume discusses not only the significance of Lafayette Park's singular achievement, but also its relevance to the continuing debates about the status of public housing in the contemporary city.
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June 2004, Berlin, London, New York
Food
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By the end of the twentieth century, US architecture and engineering firms held more capital than entire countries, employed more people than were housed in most cities, and rented offices in more nations than comprised the UN. Within them, architects were designing not single buildings but urban systems, including the multinational infrastructures, legal codes, and(...)
Incoporating architects: How American architecture became a practice of empire
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By the end of the twentieth century, US architecture and engineering firms held more capital than entire countries, employed more people than were housed in most cities, and rented offices in more nations than comprised the UN. Within them, architects were designing not single buildings but urban systems, including the multinational infrastructures, legal codes, and financial mechanisms on which those systems came to depend. However, despite the extraordinary power of these architects, their histories remain shrouded in myth and concealed—by design. This forensic analysis traces a history of architects at one such firm, AECOM, as they assembled their own multinational corporation and embedded themselves in the operations of American empire after World War II, shielding themselves from the instabilities of a postwar political economy. ''Incorporating Architects'' reveals how architects, through their businesses more than their drawings or buildings, modulated the political economy, gripped the reins of their profession, and produced the global injustices that define our neoliberal present.
Architectural Theory
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''Constructive Clarity: Max Bill and His Time, 1940–1952'', the second installment of art historian Angela Thomas’s multivolume biography, continues her meticulous exploration of the life and work of the influential artist. Max Bill was undoubtedly one of the most versatile artists of the twentieth century––a designer, painter, sculptor, architect, graphic designer,(...)
Constructive clarity: Max Bill and his time
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''Constructive Clarity: Max Bill and His Time, 1940–1952'', the second installment of art historian Angela Thomas’s multivolume biography, continues her meticulous exploration of the life and work of the influential artist. Max Bill was undoubtedly one of the most versatile artists of the twentieth century––a designer, painter, sculptor, architect, graphic designer, typographer, writer, curator, teacher, and politician––who influenced generations of artists. Picking up where the first volume left off,Thomas turns her attention to Bill’s life during World War II, exploring the ground-breaking artistic and intellectual networks to which Bill belonged: from his time at the Bauhaus in Dessau to his connections with the Parisian avant-garde and his lifelong friendship with Georges Vantongerloo. His importance as a writer, publisher, and exhibition organizer comes to the fore in this volume, as does his crucial influence on the development of Concrete art in South America and his active interest in urban planning and postwar reconstruction. contexts in which he worked.
Graphic Designers, Monographs
Hannah Höch: Interior garden
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At the onset of World War II, the visionary Dada artist Hannah Höch (1889–1978) retreated to a secluded house on the outskirts of Berlin, fleeing persecution for her radical collage work and her unflagging opposition to fascism. In the decades that followed, the surrounding garden became her artistic muse, but it was also a means of survival: its fruits and vegetables(...)
Hannah Höch: Interior garden
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At the onset of World War II, the visionary Dada artist Hannah Höch (1889–1978) retreated to a secluded house on the outskirts of Berlin, fleeing persecution for her radical collage work and her unflagging opposition to fascism. In the decades that followed, the surrounding garden became her artistic muse, but it was also a means of survival: its fruits and vegetables were a vital source of sustenance during wartime, and its grounds served as the hiding place for her priceless collection of Dada artworks. Eighty years later, this richly illustrated and deeply researched book reimagines Höch’s garden from an artist’s perspective. It brings together Höch’s botanical collages and garden photographs with deep archival cuts exploring her queer history with Til Brugman; new art by the artists Scott Roben and Johanna Tiedtke, based on visits to Höch’s garden; and an essay by the writer Alhena Katsof. Together, these elements interweave past and present, private and public, personal and political, offering new views into Höch’s lush refuge.
Gardens
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Architect, planner, and arts advocate Alfred Preis (1911–1994) dedicated his many creative talents to his beloved, adopted home, Hawai‘i. Born to a Jewish family, raised, and educated in Vienna, Preis became an exile after escaping from Nazi-occupied Austria in 1939 and briefly being interned as an "enemy alien" when the United States entered World War II. Preis emerged(...)
Alfred Preis Displaced: The topical modernism of the Austrian emigrant and architect
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Architect, planner, and arts advocate Alfred Preis (1911–1994) dedicated his many creative talents to his beloved, adopted home, Hawai‘i. Born to a Jewish family, raised, and educated in Vienna, Preis became an exile after escaping from Nazi-occupied Austria in 1939 and briefly being interned as an "enemy alien" when the United States entered World War II. Preis emerged as one of Hawai‘i’s leading modern architects in the 1950s and 1960s. His new, regionalist vision for architecture and planning were specific to the Hawaiian context, its people, its tropical climate, and its stunning landscape. Preis’s crowning achievement was his design for the famed USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor in 1962. This is the first publication to examine Alfred Preis’s body of work in architecture, which spans from 1939 to 1963, including not only several acclaimed public projects but also illustrating the transition from a European modern language into a regional modernism, unifying both cultures in distinct and pioneering ways.
Architecture Monographs
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John Gutmann (1905–1998) was one of America’s most distinctive photographers. Born in Germany where he trained as an artist and art teacher, he fled the Nazis in 1933 and settled in San Francisco, reinventing himself as a photo-reporter. Gutmann captured images of American culture, celebrating signs of a vibrant democracy, however imperfect. His own status as an(...)
January 2009
John Gutmann: the photographer at work
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John Gutmann (1905–1998) was one of America’s most distinctive photographers. Born in Germany where he trained as an artist and art teacher, he fled the Nazis in 1933 and settled in San Francisco, reinventing himself as a photo-reporter. Gutmann captured images of American culture, celebrating signs of a vibrant democracy, however imperfect. His own status as an outsider—a Jew in Germany, a naturalized citizen in the United States—informed his focus on individuals from the Asian-American, African-American, and gay communities, as well as his photography in India, Burma, and China during World War II. This book acknowledges Gutmann’s place in the history of photography. Drawing on his archive of photographs and papers at the Center for Creative Photography, it presents both unfamiliar works and little-known contexts for his imagery, linking his photography to his passionate interest in painting and filmmaking, his collections of non-Western art and artifacts, and his pedagogy.
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Nye looks at America's development of its electrical grid, which made large-scale power failures possible; military blackouts before and during World War II ("The silence was the big surprise of the blackout, the darkness discounted," wrote Harold Ross in The New Yorker in 1942); New York City's contrasting 1965 and 1977 blackout experiences (the first characterized by(...)
When the lights went out, a history of blackouts in America
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Nye looks at America's development of its electrical grid, which made large-scale power failures possible; military blackouts before and during World War II ("The silence was the big surprise of the blackout, the darkness discounted," wrote Harold Ross in The New Yorker in 1942); New York City's contrasting 1965 and 1977 blackout experiences (the first characterized by cooperation, the second by looting and disorder); the growth in consumer demand that led to rolling blackouts made worse by energy traders' market manipulations; blackouts caused by terrorist attacks and sabotage; and, finally, the "greenout" (exemplified by the new tradition of "Earth Hour"), a voluntary reduction organized by environmental organizations. Blackouts, writes Nye, are breaks in the flow of social time that reveal much about the trajectory of American history. Each time one occurs, Americans confront their essential condition—not as isolated individuals, but as a community that increasingly binds itself together with electrical wires and signals.
Urban Theory
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Tiergarten is Berlin’s oldest park, with more than five hundred acres of woodland in the heart of the city. Before it was absorbed by the city, the area that became Tiergarten was a naturally occurring forest. Throughout its history, it was used as royal hunting grounds and as a landscaped public park, and—in the years of hardship following World War II— an area where(...)
Tiergarten, landscape of transgression. This obscure object of desire
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Tiergarten is Berlin’s oldest park, with more than five hundred acres of woodland in the heart of the city. Before it was absorbed by the city, the area that became Tiergarten was a naturally occurring forest. Throughout its history, it was used as royal hunting grounds and as a landscaped public park, and—in the years of hardship following World War II— an area where trees were felled for firewood, before changing social and political circumstances and the growing ecological movement led to measures to restore and replant the vast public space. Thus, Tiergarten has become not only a very popular place of recreation but as well a biotope of extraordinarily high biodiversity. “Tiergarten, Landscape of Transgression” takes readers through the history of the park, with an eye toward exploring it as a radical spatial expression—a space where humans and other species and conflicting histories coexist in close proximity, and a model for future environments in areas of intense urbanization.
Gardens