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Victor Gruen became renowned in 1950s America as the "pioneer of the shopping center", then by his urban redevelopment projects as the "savior of the downtowns", and by the mid-1960s as the "architect of the environment". "From Urban Shop to New City" focuses on Gruen's theories and projects, especially with respect to the terms that he set for himself : the return of(...)
Victor Gruen: from urban shop to new city
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Victor Gruen became renowned in 1950s America as the "pioneer of the shopping center", then by his urban redevelopment projects as the "savior of the downtowns", and by the mid-1960s as the "architect of the environment". "From Urban Shop to New City" focuses on Gruen's theories and projects, especially with respect to the terms that he set for himself : the return of the city centre and urban public space as a focus of social and cultural life. The context for his vision, however, was the "triumph" of the suburbs and the collapses of American downtown. Gruen's successes and failures engaged or prefigured every important commercial retail, development, and planning trend since World War II ; thus his work is a crucial vehicule for understanding the transformation of American city-scape and landscape, and is a starting point for asking the question : what kind of city do we want?
Urban Theory
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a+u’s May issue highlights ways that architects have inserted spaces for play into the built environment – for the enjoyment of both children and adults. Play is rarely a priority in urban design, a matter highlighted by the photo essay Tracing Van Eyck, which notes that of the 700 playgrounds Aldo van Eyck designed for Amsterdam in the aftermath of World War II, fewer(...)
A+U 668 26:05: Spaces for Play
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a+u’s May issue highlights ways that architects have inserted spaces for play into the built environment – for the enjoyment of both children and adults. Play is rarely a priority in urban design, a matter highlighted by the photo essay Tracing Van Eyck, which notes that of the 700 playgrounds Aldo van Eyck designed for Amsterdam in the aftermath of World War II, fewer than 20 remain. Projects such as Nami Play Pavilion demonstrate how quick flexible solutions can enhance large-scale residential projects, while projects such as GiganteBlu activate urban heritage to foster lively new experiences. Variety in material is an important factor in the built environment, as evidenced by Pod for Happiness, which uses locally sourced material to create an embracing form that reflects the ongoing vitality of the local community, juxtaposed with Boulder Park, which uses 3D printing technology to experiment with organic morphology.
Magazines
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The project “Half Houses”, started in 2016 from an aesthetic puzzle (does the house lack the second half?). This project was rethought, and gradually shrouded in contexts and new layers. The compositional feeling of scarcity looking at the empty space next to the half-timbered houses of Vilijampole is a suggestive response to the loss experienced by this place, the lost(...)
Inga Navickaité-Drasuté: Pusiniai namai / Half Houses
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The project “Half Houses”, started in 2016 from an aesthetic puzzle (does the house lack the second half?). This project was rethought, and gradually shrouded in contexts and new layers. The compositional feeling of scarcity looking at the empty space next to the half-timbered houses of Vilijampole is a suggestive response to the loss experienced by this place, the lost side of the history of this city. In any case, both the houses and their residents do not forget what has been lost – it can be heard even in a short conversation, during a break between farm work. Already in the early 18th century, most inhabitants of the town of Vilijampole were Jewish. During World War II, the Vilijampole Jewish ghetto was established, which was turned into a concentration camp on 15 September 1943. Out of 37,000 Kaunas Jews, less than 3,000 survived the Holocaust.
Photography monographs
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Since the end of World War II, Jewish architects have risen to unprecedented international prominence. Whether as modernists, postmodernists, or deconstructivists, architects such as Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry, Louis I. Kahn, Daniel Libeskind, Richard Meier, Moshe Safdie, Robert A.M. Stern, and Stanley Tigerman have made pivotal contributions to postwar architecture.(...)
Building after Auschwitz: Jewish architecture and the memory of the Holocaust
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Since the end of World War II, Jewish architects have risen to unprecedented international prominence. Whether as modernists, postmodernists, or deconstructivists, architects such as Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry, Louis I. Kahn, Daniel Libeskind, Richard Meier, Moshe Safdie, Robert A.M. Stern, and Stanley Tigerman have made pivotal contributions to postwar architecture. They have also decisively shaped Jewish architectural history, as many of their designs are influenced by Jewish themes, ideas, and imagery. Building After Auschwitz is the first major study to examine the origins of this new Jewish architecture. Historian Gavriel D. Rosenfeld describes this cultural development as the result of important shifts in Jewish memory and identity since the Holocaust, and cites the rise of postmodernism, multiculturalism, and Holocaust consciousness as a catalyst. In showing how Jewish architects responded to the Nazi genocide in their work, Rosenfeld's study sheds new light on the evolution of Holocaust memory.
Architectural Theory
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After World War II, America’s religious denominations spent billions on church architecture as they spread into the suburbs. In this illustrated history of midcentury modern churches in the Midwest, Gretchen Buggeln shows how architects and suburban congregations joined forces to work out a vision of how modernist churches might help reinvigorate Protestant worship and(...)
The suburban church: modernism and community in postwar America
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After World War II, America’s religious denominations spent billions on church architecture as they spread into the suburbs. In this illustrated history of midcentury modern churches in the Midwest, Gretchen Buggeln shows how architects and suburban congregations joined forces to work out a vision of how modernist churches might help reinvigorate Protestant worship and community. The result offers a new perspective on postwar architecture, religion, and society. Drawing on the architectural record, church archives, and oral histories, The Suburban Church focuses on collaborations between architects Edward D. Dart, Edward A. Sövik, Charles E. Stade, and seventy-five congregations. By telling the stories behind their modernist churches, the book describes how the buildings both reflected and shaped developments in postwar religion—its ecumenism, optimism, and liturgical innovation, as well as its fears about staying relevant during a time of vast cultural, social, and demographic change.
Architectural Theory
The lost subways of North America: A Cartographic guide to the past, present, what might have been
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Every driver in North America shares one miserable, soul-sucking universal experience—being stuck in traffic. But things weren’t always like this. Why is it that the mass transit systems of most cities in the United States and Canada are now utterly inadequate? ''The lost subways of North America'' offers a new way to consider this eternal question, with a strikingly(...)
The lost subways of North America: A Cartographic guide to the past, present, what might have been
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Every driver in North America shares one miserable, soul-sucking universal experience—being stuck in traffic. But things weren’t always like this. Why is it that the mass transit systems of most cities in the United States and Canada are now utterly inadequate? ''The lost subways of North America'' offers a new way to consider this eternal question, with a strikingly visual—and fun—journey through past, present, and unbuilt urban transit. Using meticulous archival research, cartographer and artist Jake Berman has successfully plotted maps of old train networks covering twenty-three North American metropolises, ranging from New York City’s Civil War–era plan for a steam-powered subway under Fifth Avenue to the ultramodern automated Vancouver SkyTrain and the thousand-mile electric railway system of pre–World War II Los Angeles. He takes us through colorful maps of old, often forgotten streetcar lines, lost ideas for never-built transit, and modern rail systems—drawing us into the captivating transit histories of US and Canadian cities. Berman combines vintage styling with modern printing technology to create a sweeping visual history of North American public transit and urban development. With more than one hundred original maps, accompanied by essays on each city’s urban development, this book presents a fascinating look at North American rapid transit systems.
Architectural Plans and Cartography
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Many societies have imagined going to live in space. What they want to do once they get up there—whether conquering the unknown, establishing space ''colonies,'' privatising the moon’s resources—reveals more than expected. In this fascinating radical history of space exploration, Fred Scharmen shows that often science and fiction have combined in the imagined dreams of(...)
Space forces: a critical history of life in outer space
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Many societies have imagined going to live in space. What they want to do once they get up there—whether conquering the unknown, establishing space ''colonies,'' privatising the moon’s resources—reveals more than expected. In this fascinating radical history of space exploration, Fred Scharmen shows that often science and fiction have combined in the imagined dreams of life in outer space, but these visions have real implications for life back on earth. For the Russian Cosmists of the 1890s space was a place to pursue human perfection away from the Earth. For others, such as Wernher Von Braun, it was an engineering task that combined, in the Space Race, the Cold War, and during World War II, with destructive geopolitics. Arthur C. Clarke, in his speculative books, offered an alternative vision of wonder that is indifferent to human interaction. Meanwhile NASA planned and managed the space station like an earthbound corporation. Today, the market has arrived into outer space and exploration is the plaything of superrich technology billionaires, who plan to privatise the mineral wealth for themselves. Are other worlds really possible? Bringing these figures and ideas together reveals a completely different story of our relationship with outer space, as well as the dangers of our current direction of extractive capitalism and colonisation.
Architectural Theory
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This book will be a resource for all who believe in the importance of art in the wider educational realm. Framing the recent "educational turn" in the arts within a broad historical and social context, this anthology raises fundamental questions about how and what should be taught in an era of distributive rather than media-based practices. Among the many sources and(...)
Education
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This book will be a resource for all who believe in the importance of art in the wider educational realm. Framing the recent "educational turn" in the arts within a broad historical and social context, this anthology raises fundamental questions about how and what should be taught in an era of distributive rather than media-based practices. Among the many sources and arguments traced here is second-wave feminism, which questioned dominant notions of personal and institutional freedom as enacted through art teaching and practice. Similarly, education-based responses by the art community to the catastrophes of World War II and postcolonial conflict critically inform contemporary art confronting the interrelationships of education, power, market capitalism, and--as Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri describe it--the global condition of war. These writings by artists, philosophers, educators, poets, and activists center on three recurring and interrelated themes: the notion of "indiscipline" in theories and practices that challenge boundaries of all kinds; the present and future role of the art school; and the turn to pedagogy as medium in a diverse range of recent projects. Other writings address such issues as instrumentalism and control, liberation and equality, the production and the politics of culture, and the roots of research-based practice and experimental participatory works.
Art Theory
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The suburban Dutch neighborhood of Hoogyliet, just outside Rotterdam, was designed after World War II along Modernist lines. Over the ensuing years, the district became more and more rundown and economically depressed. Then the WiMBY! project came along--its mission to raise the standard of this increasingly blighted neighborhood by developing a range of experimental(...)
Urban Theory
January 2008, Rotterdam
Wimby! Hoogvliet: future, past and present of a new town
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The suburban Dutch neighborhood of Hoogyliet, just outside Rotterdam, was designed after World War II along Modernist lines. Over the ensuing years, the district became more and more rundown and economically depressed. Then the WiMBY! project came along--its mission to raise the standard of this increasingly blighted neighborhood by developing a range of experimental buildings for the town's regeneration, as well as smaller-scale architectural, urban-planning, visual-art and sociocultural projects. This densely adorable paperback tells the whole story, focusing on the positive achievements and lessons drawn, with copious illustrations of all the resulting buildings and designs. It's a must-have for any design professionals interested in real, working urban renewal but also an uplifting manual for a more general audience: the book reads like a fairytale, tracing the many ups and downs of the WiMBY! project in frank detail in a format that is as informative as it is lively and humorous.
Urban Theory
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By the end of the twentieth century, US architecture and engineering firms held more capital than entire countries, employed more people than were housed in most cities, and rented offices in more nations than comprised the UN. Within them, architects were designing not single buildings but urban systems, including the multinational infrastructures, legal codes, and(...)
Incoporating architects: How American architecture became a practice of empire
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By the end of the twentieth century, US architecture and engineering firms held more capital than entire countries, employed more people than were housed in most cities, and rented offices in more nations than comprised the UN. Within them, architects were designing not single buildings but urban systems, including the multinational infrastructures, legal codes, and financial mechanisms on which those systems came to depend. However, despite the extraordinary power of these architects, their histories remain shrouded in myth and concealed—by design. This forensic analysis traces a history of architects at one such firm, AECOM, as they assembled their own multinational corporation and embedded themselves in the operations of American empire after World War II, shielding themselves from the instabilities of a postwar political economy. ''Incorporating Architects'' reveals how architects, through their businesses more than their drawings or buildings, modulated the political economy, gripped the reins of their profession, and produced the global injustices that define our neoliberal present.
Architectural Theory