Volcano: nature and culture
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For years, tourists have trekked across cracked rock at Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano to witness the inspiring sight of creeping lava and its devastating effects on the landscape. In 2010, Eyjafjallajökull erupted in Iceland, stranding travelers as a cloud of ash covered western and northern Europe, causing the largest disruption of air travel since World War II. And just a(...)
Volcano: nature and culture
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For years, tourists have trekked across cracked rock at Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano to witness the inspiring sight of creeping lava and its devastating effects on the landscape. In 2010, Eyjafjallajökull erupted in Iceland, stranding travelers as a cloud of ash covered western and northern Europe, causing the largest disruption of air travel since World War II. And just a few months later, Mount Merapi blew in Indonesia, killing over 350 people and displacing over 350,000 others, awakening people once more to the dangerous potential of these sleeping giants. Though today largely dormant, volcanoes continue to erupt across the world, reminding us of their sheer physical power. In Volcano, James Hamilton explores the cultural history generated by the violence and terrifying beauty of volcanoes. He describes the reverberations of early eruptions of Vesuvius and Etna in Greek and Roman myth. He also examines the depiction of volcanoes in art—from the earliest known wall painting of an erupting volcano in 6200 BCE to the distinctive colors of Andy Warhol and Michael Sandle’s exploding mountains. Surveying a number of twenty-first-century works, Hamilton shows that volcanoes continue to influence the artistic imagination.
Landscape Theory
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Comment, dans un paysage politique en ruines, reconstituer la vérité des faits ? La réponse d'Eyal Weizman tient en une formule-programme: "l'architecture forensique". Approche novatrice au carrefour de plusieurs disciplines, cette sorte d'architecture se soucie moins de construire des bâtiments que d'analyser des traces que porte le bâti afin de rétablir des vérités(...)
La vérité en ruines : Manifeste pour une architecture forensique
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Comment, dans un paysage politique en ruines, reconstituer la vérité des faits ? La réponse d'Eyal Weizman tient en une formule-programme: "l'architecture forensique". Approche novatrice au carrefour de plusieurs disciplines, cette sorte d'architecture se soucie moins de construire des bâtiments que d'analyser des traces que porte le bâti afin de rétablir des vérités menacées. Impacts de balles, trous de missiles, ombres projetées sur les murs de corps annihilés par le souffle d'une explosion : l'architecture forensique consiste à faire parler ces indices. Si elle mobilise à cette fin des techniques en partie héritées de la médecine légale et de la police scientifique, c'est en les retournant contre la violence d'État, ses dénis et ses "fake news". Il s'agit donc d'une "contre-forensique" qui tente de se réapproprier les moyens de la preuve dans un contexte d'inégalité structurelle d'accès aux moyens de la manifestation de la vérité. Au fil des pages, cet ouvrage illustré offre un panorama saisissant des champs d'application de cette démarche, depuis le cas des frappes de drone au Pakistan, en Afghanistan et à Gaza, jusqu'à celui de la prison secrète de Saidnaya en Syrie, en passant par le camp de Staro Sajmiste, dans la région de Belgrade.
Architectural Theory
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Nature and communities in the global south is being overwhelmed at a shocking rate. In many places this is due to ventures such as large-scale open-pit mining, oil extraction in tropical areas, and the spread of monocultures. These and other such forms of natural resource appropriation are usually known as extractivisms. This introductory book on the one hand adopts an(...)
Extractivisms: politics, economy and ecology
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Nature and communities in the global south is being overwhelmed at a shocking rate. In many places this is due to ventures such as large-scale open-pit mining, oil extraction in tropical areas, and the spread of monocultures. These and other such forms of natural resource appropriation are usually known as extractivisms. This introductory book on the one hand adopts an interdisciplinary and critical perspective, incorporating contributions from economics, politics, ecology, and more. On the other hand it is an exercise in the politics among humans and with the environment. Eduardo Gudnyas explores negative local impacts such as ecological and health degradation or violence, along with spillover effects that redefines democracy and justice. Significantly, presented for the first time in English is a comprehensive overview of the theoretical innovations currently being discussed in the South, such as the distinction between appropriation and production modes and a redefinition of surplus to include social and economic features or new understandings on conflict dynamics. Furthermore, Gudynas discusses the Latin American peculiarities of extractivisms produced both by conservative and new-left governments, making clear that it has very deep roots in culture and ideologies, and offers solutions for the future.
Environment and environmental theory
Le moyen âge
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Le Moyen Âge suscite des images contradictoires, celles d'un âge d'or révolu ou, plus souvent, d'une barbarie débridée. Un certain nombre d'idées reçues sur cette longue période - un millénaire - sont remises en cause dans ce livre riche d'une très belle iconographie parfois inédite, au texte novateur, écrit par une spécialiste du sujet. C'est au Moyen Âge que les hommes(...)
Le moyen âge
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Le Moyen Âge suscite des images contradictoires, celles d'un âge d'or révolu ou, plus souvent, d'une barbarie débridée. Un certain nombre d'idées reçues sur cette longue période - un millénaire - sont remises en cause dans ce livre riche d'une très belle iconographie parfois inédite, au texte novateur, écrit par une spécialiste du sujet. C'est au Moyen Âge que les hommes et les femmes ont maîtrisé la nature pour constituer nos paysages actuels, construire les premiers villages et les villes. Ils ont institué des pouvoirs à l'ombre de l'Église, en sorte que le clergé et les laïcs ont créé l'Occident chrétien. On découvre quelles sont les normes qui régissent la vie, à la campagne comme à la ville, et l'importance de la féodalité. Mais c'est aussi l'époque où les grands rois que sont Philippe Auguste, Saint Louis, Philippe le Bel ou Charles V créent les bases d'un État moderne (contrôle effectif du territoire, administration, fiscalité, droit et institutions). La violence, qui éclate lors des guerres et des croisades, des vengeances et des homicides, est aussi l'occasion de parler de l'honneur, une valeur que partagent toutes les couches de la société, tandis que l'ordre se fonde sur le respect des hiérarchies, qu'elles soient laïques ou religieuses.
History until 1900
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Ever since the landmark publication of Susan Sontag’s On Photography, it has been impossible to look at photographs, particularly those of violence and suffering, without questioning our role as photographic voyeur. Are we desensitized by the proliferation of these images, and does this make it easier to be passive and uninvolved? Or do the images immediately stir our own(...)
Picturing atrocity: photography in crisis
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Ever since the landmark publication of Susan Sontag’s On Photography, it has been impossible to look at photographs, particularly those of violence and suffering, without questioning our role as photographic voyeur. Are we desensitized by the proliferation of these images, and does this make it easier to be passive and uninvolved? Or do the images immediately stir our own sense of justice and act as a call to arms? Are we consuming the suffering of others as a form of intrigue? Or is it an act of empathy? To answer these questions, Picturing Atrocity brings together writers and critics on photography today to offer close readings of images that reveal the realities behind the photographs, the subjects, and the photographers. From the massacre of the Sioux Indians at Wounded Knee to the torture of prisoners at Abu Ghraib, from famine in China to apartheid in South Africa, Picturing Atrocity examines a broad spectrum of photographs. Each of the essays focuses specifically on an iconic image, offering a distinct approach and context, in order to enable us to look again—and this time more closely—at the picture. In addition, four photo-essays showcase the work of photographers involved in the making of photographs of brutality as well as the artists’ own reflections on these images.
Theory of Photography
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Why Don't American Cities Burn? traces the collision of urban transformation with the rightward-moving social politics of late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century America. He shows how the bifurcation of black social structures produced a new African American inequality and traces the shift from images of a pathological black "underclass" to praise of the(...)
Why don't American cities burn?
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Why Don't American Cities Burn? traces the collision of urban transformation with the rightward-moving social politics of late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century America. He shows how the bifurcation of black social structures produced a new African American inequality and traces the shift from images of a pathological black "underclass" to praise of the entrepreneurial poor who take advantage of new technologies of poverty work to find the beginning of the path to the middle class. He explores the reasons American cities since the early 1970s have remained relatively free of collective violence while black men in bleak inner-city neighborhoods have turned their rage inward on one another rather than on the agents and symbols of a culture and political economy that exclude them. The book ends with a meditation on how the political left and right have come to believe that urban transformation is inevitably one of failure and decline abetted by the response of government to deindustrialization, poverty, and race. How, Katz asks, can we construct a new narrative that acknowledges the dark side of urban history even as it demonstrates the capacity of government to address the problems of cities and their residents? How can we create a politics of modest hope?
Urban Theory
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In "The effluent eye," Rosemary J. Jolly argues for the decolonization of human rights, attributing their failure not simply to state and institutional malfeasance but to the very concept of human rights as anthropocentric-and, therefore, fatally shortsighted. In an engaging mix of literary and cultural criticism, Indigenous and Black critique, and substantive forays into(...)
The effluent eye: Narratives for decolonial right-making
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In "The effluent eye," Rosemary J. Jolly argues for the decolonization of human rights, attributing their failure not simply to state and institutional malfeasance but to the very concept of human rights as anthropocentric-and, therefore, fatally shortsighted. In an engaging mix of literary and cultural criticism, Indigenous and Black critique, and substantive forays into the medical humanities, Jolly proposes right-making in the demise of human rights. Using what she calls an "effluent eye," Jolly draws on "Fifth Wave" structural public health to confront the concept of human rights-one of the most powerful and widely entrenched liberal ideas. She builds on Indigenous sovereignty work from authors such as Robin Wall Kimmerer, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, and Mark Rifkin as well as the littoral development in Black studies from Christine Sharpe, Saidiya Hartman, and Tiffany Lethabo King to engage decolonial thinking on a range of urgent topics such as pandemic history and grief; gender-based violence and sexual assault; and the connections between colonial capitalism and substance abuse, the Anthropocene, and climate change. Combining witnessed experience with an array of decolonial texts, Jolly argues for an effluent form of reading that begins with the understanding that the granting of "rights" to individuals is meaningless in a world compromised by pollution, poverty, and successive pandemics.
Critical Theory
Radical intimacy
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Capitalist ideology wants us to believe that there is an optimal way to live. 'Making connections' means networking for work. Our emotional needs are to be fulfilled by a single romantic partner, and self-care equates to taking personal responsibility for our suffering. We must be productive and heterosexual, we must have babies and buy a house. But the kicker is most(...)
Radical intimacy
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Capitalist ideology wants us to believe that there is an optimal way to live. 'Making connections' means networking for work. Our emotional needs are to be fulfilled by a single romantic partner, and self-care equates to taking personal responsibility for our suffering. We must be productive and heterosexual, we must have babies and buy a house. But the kicker is most people cannot and do not want to achieve all, or any of these life goals. Instead we are left feeling atomised, exhausted and disempowered. ''Radical intimacy'' shows that it doesn't need to be this way. A punchy and impassioned account of inspiring ideas about alternative ways to live, Sophie K Rosa demands we use our radical imagination to discover a new form of intimacy and to transform our personal lives and in turn society as a whole. Including critiques of the 'wellness' industry that ignores rising poverty rates, the mental health crisis and racist and misogynist state violence; transcending love and sex under capitalism to move towards feminist, decolonial and queer thinking; asking whether we should abolish the family; interrogating the framing of ageing and death and much more, ''Radical intimacy'' is the compassionate antidote to a callous society.
Social
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Modern city-dwellers suffer their share of unpleasant experiences�traffic jams, noisy neighbors, pollution, food scares�but urban nuisances of the past existed on a different scale entirely, this book explains in vivid detail. Focusing on offenses to the eyes, ears, noses, taste buds, and skin of inhabitants of England�s pre-Industrial Revolution cities, Hubbub(...)
Hubbub: Filth, noise & stench in England
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Modern city-dwellers suffer their share of unpleasant experiences�traffic jams, noisy neighbors, pollution, food scares�but urban nuisances of the past existed on a different scale entirely, this book explains in vivid detail. Focusing on offenses to the eyes, ears, noses, taste buds, and skin of inhabitants of England�s pre-Industrial Revolution cities, Hubbub transports us to a world in which residents were scarred by smallpox, refuse rotted in the streets, pigs and dogs roamed free, and food hygiene consisted of little more than spit and polish. Through the stories of a large cast of characters from varied walks of life, the book compares what daily life was like in different cities across England from 1600 to 1770. Using a vast array of sources, from novels to records of urban administration to diaries, Emily Cockayne populates her book with anecdotes from the quirky lives of the famous and the obscure�all of whom confronted urban nuisances and physical ailments. Each chapter addresses an unpleasant aspect of city life (noise, violence, moldy food, smelly streets, poor air quality), and the volume is enhanced with a rich array of illustrations. Awakening both our senses and our imaginations, Cockayne creates a nuanced portrait of early modern English city life, unparalleled in breadth and unforgettable in detail.
History until 1900
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Encampments occupied by unhoused and precariously sheltered people have proliferated in recent years in cities and towns across Canada. While right-to-housing legislation and other rights protections exist on paper, their minimal legal force has left municipalities mostly free to use policing and bylaw enforcement to remove encampments from public spaces. The result is(...)
The bylaw state: Encampment evictions and the struggle for public space
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Encampments occupied by unhoused and precariously sheltered people have proliferated in recent years in cities and towns across Canada. While right-to-housing legislation and other rights protections exist on paper, their minimal legal force has left municipalities mostly free to use policing and bylaw enforcement to remove encampments from public spaces. The result is unnoticed but devastating violence against highly vulnerable people who have no choice but to survive in public spaces. Anti-encampment bylaws raise the question of what legal and moral rights unhoused people have to live in public space. ''The Bylaw State'' shows that bylaws are powerful municipal instruments. Far from being innocuous laws enforced by municipal workers, bylaws have quietly emerged over the last two decades as the method of governing homelessness in Canada. Case studies in Prince George and Vancouver demonstrate the extraordinary expansion of municipal bylaws and the place of courts in defending the legal rights of homeless people to take up public space. Legal scholar Alexandra Flynn and sociologist Joe Hermer explain how municipalities create an exclusionary ideal of public space through evictions and banishment, and they make a powerful case for a more inclusive approach that protects people not just spaces.
Humans and cities