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In "Architectures of Time", Sanford Kwinter offers a critical guide to the modern history of time and to the interplay between the physical sciences and the arts. Tracing the transformation of twentieth-century epistemology to the rise of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, Kwinter explains how the demise of the concept of absolute time, and of the classical notion(...)
Architectures of time : toward a theory of the event in modernist culture
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In "Architectures of Time", Sanford Kwinter offers a critical guide to the modern history of time and to the interplay between the physical sciences and the arts. Tracing the transformation of twentieth-century epistemology to the rise of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, Kwinter explains how the demise of the concept of absolute time, and of the classical notion of space as a fixed background against which things occur, led to field theory and a physics of the "event." He suggests that the closed, controlled, and mechanical world of physics gave way to the approximate, active, and qualitative world of biology as a model of both scientific and metaphysical explanation. Kwinter examines theory of time and space in Einstein's theories of relativity and shows how these ideas were reflected in the writings of the sculptor Umberto Boccioni, the town planning schema of the Futurist architect Antonio Sant'Elia, the philosophy of Henri Bergson, and the writings of Franz Kafka. He argues that the writings of Boccioni and the visionary architecture of Sant'Elia represent the earliest and most profound deployments of the concepts of field and event. In discussing Kafka's work, he moves away from the thermodynamic model in favor of the closely related one of Bergsonian durée, or virtuality. He argues that Kafka's work manifests a coherent cosmology that can be understood only in relation to the constant temporal flux that underlies it.
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June 2001, Cambridge
Architectural Theory
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To be outside allows one a fresh perspective on the inside. In these essays, philosopher Elizabeth Grosz explores the ways in which two disciplines that are fundamentally outside each another--architecture and philosophy--can meet in a third space to interact free of their internal constraints. "Outside" also refers to those whose voices are not usually heard in(...)
Architecture from the outside : essays on virtual and real space
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To be outside allows one a fresh perspective on the inside. In these essays, philosopher Elizabeth Grosz explores the ways in which two disciplines that are fundamentally outside each another--architecture and philosophy--can meet in a third space to interact free of their internal constraints. "Outside" also refers to those whose voices are not usually heard in architectural discourse but who inhabit its space--the destitute, the homeless, the sick, and the dying, as well as women and minorities. Grosz asks how we can understand space differently in order to structure and inhabit our living arrangements accordingly. Two themes run throughout the book: temporal flow and sexual specificity. Grosz argues that time, change, and emergence, traditionally viewed as outside the concerns of space, must become more integral to the processes of design and construction. She also argues against architecture’s historical indifference to sexual specificity, asking what the existence of (at least) two sexes has to do with how we understand and experience space. Drawing on the work of such philosophers as Henri Bergson, Roger Caillois, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, Luce Irigaray, and Jacques Lacan, Grosz raises abstract but nonformalistic questions about space, inhabitation, and building. All of the essays propose philosophical experiments to render space and building more mobile and dynamic.
Architectural Theory
Architecture goes wild
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In his writings, architect Kas Oosterhuis bridges the gap between theory and practice. His observations are based on the principle of concrete science fiction. He is convinced that every construct - hardware or software - that can be formulated as a consistent set of rules is realizable within the social constraints of our present-day culture. In his essay(...)
Architecture goes wild
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In his writings, architect Kas Oosterhuis bridges the gap between theory and practice. His observations are based on the principle of concrete science fiction. He is convinced that every construct - hardware or software - that can be formulated as a consistent set of rules is realizable within the social constraints of our present-day culture. In his essay 'Space_Time_Volume' Kas Oosterhuis places himself in the local and temporary delamination point between the micro- and macroworlds. He speculates on a seamless continuity of these worlds where the instrumental human position is only one of many possible positions. Our perception of the universe is based on observations made by instruments. Language is seen as such an instrument. In 'Wild Bodies' Oosterhuis asserts that all true architecture inevitably will be programmed to perform in real time. This point of view is based on the observation that traditional fixed and static architecture is a highly unlikely state among all possible ones. An architectural construct is regarded as a body with real-time behaviour that is always in motion. Computer programs speak the new instrumental language in which potential new worlds are described. 'Automotive Styling' declares the human driver of the automobile to be the voluntary prisoner of the physical car-road communications network. In 'Vectorial Bodies' the human driver is nothing less than fuzzy software programming the car to lead it to his destinations. There is no place for romantic ideas such as freedom of movement, but there is the overwhelming desire of carbon-based life forms to exchange data with industrial and digital life forms.
Architectural Theory
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"The lonely crowd" is considered by many to be the most influential book of the twentieth century. Its now-classic analysis of the “new middle class” in terms of inner-directed and other-directed social character opened exciting new dimensions in our understanding of the psychological, political, and economic problems that confront the individual in contemporary American(...)
The lonely crowd: a study of the changing American character
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"The lonely crowd" is considered by many to be the most influential book of the twentieth century. Its now-classic analysis of the “new middle class” in terms of inner-directed and other-directed social character opened exciting new dimensions in our understanding of the psychological, political, and economic problems that confront the individual in contemporary American society. The 1969 abridged and revised edition of the book is now reissued with a new foreword by Todd Gitlin that explains why the book is still relevant to our own era.
Architectural Theory
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The dream of the twentieth century was the construction of mass utopia. As the century closes, this dream is being left behind; the belief that industrial modernization can bring about the good society by overcoming material scarcity for all has been challenged by the disintegration(...)
Dreamworld and catastrophe : the passing of mass utopia in East and West
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The dream of the twentieth century was the construction of mass utopia. As the century closes, this dream is being left behind; the belief that industrial modernization can bring about the good society by overcoming material scarcity for all has been challenged by the disintegration of European socialism, capitalist restructuring, and ecological constraints. The larger social vision has given way to private dreams of material happiness and to political cynicism. Developing the notion of dreamworld as both a poetic description of a collective mental state and an analytical concept, Susan Buck-Morss attempts to come to terms with mass dreamworlds at the moment of their passing. She shows how dreamworlds became dangerous when their energy was used by the structures of power as an instrument of force against the masses. Stressing the similarities between the East and West and using the end of the Cold War as her point of departure, she examines both extremes of mass utopia, dreamworld and catastrophe. The book is in four parts. "Dreamworlds of Democracy" asks whether collective sovereignty can ever be democratic. "Dreamworlds of History" calls for a rethinking of revolution by political and artistic avant-gardes. "Dreamworlds of Mass Culture" explores the affinities between mass culture's socialist and capitalist forms. An "Afterward" places the book in the historical context of the author's collaboration with a group of Moscow philosophers and artists over the past two tumultuous decades. The book is an experiment in visual culture, using images as philosophy, presenting, literally, a way of seeing the past. Its pictorial narratives rescue historical data that with the end of the Cold War are threatened with oblivion and challenge common conceptions of what this century was all about.
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January 1900, Cambridge
Architectural Theory
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A polemical look at how architectural knowledge is produced, disseminated, and received. The essays collected in this groundbreaking volume address the current state of architecture as an academic and professional discipline. Often critical of the current paradigm, these essays offer a provocative challenge to accepted assumptions about the production, dissemination,(...)
Architectural Theory
January 2001, Minneapolis
The discipline of architecture
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A polemical look at how architectural knowledge is produced, disseminated, and received. The essays collected in this groundbreaking volume address the current state of architecture as an academic and professional discipline. Often critical of the current paradigm, these essays offer a provocative challenge to accepted assumptions about the production, dissemination, and reception of architectural knowledge. Contributors: Sherry Ahrentzen, Stanford Anderson, Carol Burns, W. Russell Ellis, Thomas Fisher, Linda N. Groat, Kay Bea Jones, David Leatherbarrow, A. G. Krishna Menon, Garth Rockcastle, Michael Stanton, Sharon Egretta Sutton, David J. T. Vanderburgh, and Donald Watson.
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January 2001, Minneapolis
Architectural Theory
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"Suspensions of Perception" is a major historical study of human attention and its volatile role in modern Western culture. It argues that the ways in which we intently look at or listen to anything result from crucial changes in the nature of perception that can be traced back to(...)
Suspensions of perception : attention, spectacle, and modern culture
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"Suspensions of Perception" is a major historical study of human attention and its volatile role in modern Western culture. It argues that the ways in which we intently look at or listen to anything result from crucial changes in the nature of perception that can be traced back to the second half of the nineteenth century. Focusing on the period from about 1880 to 1905, Jonathan Crary examines the connections between the modernization of subjectivity and the dramatic expansion and industrialization of visual/auditory culture. At the core of his project is the paradoxical nature of modern attention, which was both a fundamental condition of individual freedom, creativity, and experience and a central element in the efficient functioning of economic and disciplinary institutions as well as the emerging spaces of mass consumption and spectacle. Crary approaches these issues through multiple analyses of single works by three key modernist painters--Manet, Seurat, and Cézanne--who each engaged in a singular confrontation with the disruptions, vacancies, and rifts within a perceptual field. Each in his own way discovered that sustained attentiveness, rather than fixing or securing the world, led to perceptual disintegration and loss of presence, and each used this discovery as the basis for a reinvention of representational practices. Suspensions of Perception decisively relocates the problem of aesthetic contemplation within a broader collective encounter with the unstable nature of perception--in psychology, philosophy, neurology, early cinema, and photography. In doing so, it provides a historical framework for understanding the current social crisis of attention amid the accelerating metamorphoses of our contemporary technological culture.
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October 1999, Cambridge
Architectural Theory
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In this book, Richard Hill examines the many-faceted relationship between aesthetic theory and architecture. Grounding his arguments in the practical issues related to building - the demands of site, materials, labor force, the nature of the commission - Hill expands our understanding and enjoyment of architecture. The book opens with an analysis of the relationship(...)
Designs and their consequences
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In this book, Richard Hill examines the many-faceted relationship between aesthetic theory and architecture. Grounding his arguments in the practical issues related to building - the demands of site, materials, labor force, the nature of the commission - Hill expands our understanding and enjoyment of architecture. The book opens with an analysis of the relationship between buildings, drawings, and designs. Hill suggests that architectural drawings are essentially pictures of physical objects, although initially they may be imagined ones, and he considers the implications of this for architects and builders. He discusses the notion of "architectural experience" that has been important in the development of modern architecture, and the notion of "seeing as" that has been developed for other visual arts and that illuminates a range of architectural meaning. Asking how architecture can be expressive of a range of human states and qualities, Hill tests the idea that our ability to see the expressive aspects of buildings relates to our ability to see meaning in the faces and demeanor of other people. In the final section of the book, the author focuses on modern architecture's central aim to deepen the connection between usefulness and design, explores recent intense criticism of this outlook, and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of this body of criticism.
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August 1999, New Haven
Architectural Theory
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The arcades project
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Conceived in Paris in 1927 and still in progress when Benjamin fled the Occupation in 1940, "The Arcades Project" (in German, "Das Passagen-Werk") is a monumental ruin, meticulously constructed over the course of thirteen years--"the theater," as Benjamin(...)
The arcades project
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Conceived in Paris in 1927 and still in progress when Benjamin fled the Occupation in 1940, "The Arcades Project" (in German, "Das Passagen-Werk") is a monumental ruin, meticulously constructed over the course of thirteen years--"the theater," as Benjamin called it, "of all my struggles and all my ideas." Focusing on the arcades of nineteenth-century Paris, glass-roofed rows of shops that were early centers of consumerism, Benjamin presents a montage of quotations from, and reflections on, hundreds of published sources, arranging them in thirty-six categories with descriptive rubrics such as "Fashion," "Boredom," "Dream City," "Photography," "Catacombs," "Advertising," "Prostitution," "Baudelaire," and "Theory of Progress." His central preoccupation is what he calls the commodification of things, a process in which he locates the decisive shift to the modern age. "The Arcades Project" is Benjamin's effort to represent and to critique the bourgeois experience of nineteenth-century history, and, in so doing, to liberate the suppressed "true history" that underlay the ideological mask.
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November 1999, Cambridge, Mass.
Architectural Theory
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Grace and architecture
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Through a constructive way of looking at the timing of architecture, this reference explores the myths of a critical history. The featured ideas are made more concrete and specific by focusing the enquiry on a forgotten building outside Helsinki — Espoonlahti Church — designed by the architects Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen.
Grace and architecture
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Through a constructive way of looking at the timing of architecture, this reference explores the myths of a critical history. The featured ideas are made more concrete and specific by focusing the enquiry on a forgotten building outside Helsinki — Espoonlahti Church — designed by the architects Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen.
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February 1998, Helsinki
Architectural Theory