Finland
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From as early as 1900 Finland, at that time ruled by Russia, was to see in architecture a political and social vehicle. Modern architecture, with the promises it held for social change and hopes for technological progress, was to become a cultural phenomenon over the course of the twentieth century. This book explores the shape of architecture from Finland’s independence(...)
Finland
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From as early as 1900 Finland, at that time ruled by Russia, was to see in architecture a political and social vehicle. Modern architecture, with the promises it held for social change and hopes for technological progress, was to become a cultural phenomenon over the course of the twentieth century. This book explores the shape of architecture from Finland’s independence in 1917 until the present day, and how the ‘modern agenda’ became a blueprint to advance the nation’s society and define its identity. Roger Connah assesses the work of well-known heroes of Finnish architecture such as Reima Pietila, Juhä Leiviskä and ‘modern master’ Alvar Aalto, as well as many other less familiar figures whose contribution is little known outside Finland. He discusses developments in architecture in relation to the culture and politics of the new independent Finland, as well as parallel movements in the arts, and also surveys the early part of the century, as Finland came into its own as a new nation state. He examines the rationalised developments of the 1930s, the ‘organic’ and vernacular tendencies of modern architecture, and how some of modernism’s devices were combined with a particular Nordic sensibility. He also looks at the reconstruction and urbanisation of the post-war years, the use of industrial building methods and prefabricated materials, the ‘golden age’ of Finnish modernism in the 1950s, and the developments thereafter. Connah also considers how architecture has been publicised in magazines, galleries and through exhibitions. By the end of the twentieth century Finland had transformed itself into a modern industrial economy at the cutting edge of the it world, and its buildings continue to be regarded as exemplary modern works. Roger Connah assesses Finnish modern architecture’s relation to the broader cultural and political conditions of Finland and modernity at large, making this study crucial to our understanding of Finland’s place in architecture and in culture today.
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Actes de la septième conférence internationale de DOCOMONO (Paris, 16-19 septembre 2002): "Vers une histoire culturelle de la modernité architecturale : les démarches radicales s'inscrivent souvent dans un espace transcendant. C'est ce qui est arrivé à la modernité architecturale, bien connue pour ses héros, ses icônes, ses manifestes et ses intentions sociales(...)
septembre 2005, Saint-Étienne
La réception de l'architecture du Mouvement moderne : image, usage, héritage - The reception of architecture of the modern movement : image, usage, heritage
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Actes de la septième conférence internationale de DOCOMONO (Paris, 16-19 septembre 2002): "Vers une histoire culturelle de la modernité architecturale : les démarches radicales s'inscrivent souvent dans un espace transcendant. C'est ce qui est arrivé à la modernité architecturale, bien connue pour ses héros, ses icônes, ses manifestes et ses intentions sociales généreuses. Mais comment l'architecture, art de l'utilitas, aurait-elle pu se délier des contraintes du XXe siècle ? Elle est bien la fille des mythes, des contradictions, des aspirations et plus encore, des rapports de force en transformation du siècle passé." Proceedings of the seventh international conference DOCOMOMO : "radical approaches often subscribe to the notion of the transcendence of time. This assertion characterize architecural modernity, with its celebrated heroes, icons, manifestoes and noble social intentions. Yet how could architecture, the art of utilitas, have entirely freed itself from the constraints of the rwentieth century? Indeed architectural modernity emerges directly from the myths, the aspirations and, even more, the changing power relations of the century past."
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The use of natural stone in international architecture has gained momentum in recent years owing to countless new buildings in Germany. These have not only been influential because they reveal the technical and constructive uses of the material, but also because they show stone as an element of architectural language. Examining current building projects of notable(...)
New stone architecture in Germany
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The use of natural stone in international architecture has gained momentum in recent years owing to countless new buildings in Germany. These have not only been influential because they reveal the technical and constructive uses of the material, but also because they show stone as an element of architectural language. Examining current building projects of notable architects including gmp, Hans Kollhoff, Ortner – Ortner, I. M. Pei, O. M. Ungers and Gesine Weinmiller, this book presents new opportunities for using natural stone in architectural and also structural contexts. The subject is documented impressively and extensively with a large number of technical drawings, detail photographs and comprehensive project data.
The iconic building
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Charles Jencks takes on "trendiness" in architecture : namely the rise of the "iconic building," instantly distinctively recognizable structures like Norman Foster's "Gherkin" in London or Daniel Libeskind's Ground Zero designs in New York. Although there have always been buildings built to be instant icons such as palaces and cathedrals, Jencks sees this latest trend as(...)
septembre 2005, New York
The iconic building
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Charles Jencks takes on "trendiness" in architecture : namely the rise of the "iconic building," instantly distinctively recognizable structures like Norman Foster's "Gherkin" in London or Daniel Libeskind's Ground Zero designs in New York. Although there have always been buildings built to be instant icons such as palaces and cathedrals, Jencks sees this latest trend as being fueled by the real estate industry's thirst for profit and architects' outsize egos. Since the debut of Gehry's Guggenheim Bilbao, a roster of international architects has created iconic buildings that court publicity and controversy in equal measure. Some iconic buildings are successful creations that fulfill their contradictory requirements, while others make the public and the critics wince. In addition to Foster, Gehry and Libeskind, Jencks also discusses recent works by Peter Eisenman, Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas, and Renzo Piano.
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"The Artist as Producer" reshapes our understanding of the fundamental contribution of the Russian avant-garde to the development of modernism. Focusing on the single most important hotbed of Constructivist activity in the early 1920s - the Institute of Artistic Culture (INKhUK) in Moscow - Maria Gough offers a powerful reinterpretation of the work of the first group of(...)
The artist as producer : Russian Constructivism in revolution
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"The Artist as Producer" reshapes our understanding of the fundamental contribution of the Russian avant-garde to the development of modernism. Focusing on the single most important hotbed of Constructivist activity in the early 1920s - the Institute of Artistic Culture (INKhUK) in Moscow - Maria Gough offers a powerful reinterpretation of the work of the first group of artists to call themselves Constructivists. Her lively narrative ranges from famous figures such as Aleksandr Rodchenko to others who are much less well known, such as Karl Ioganson, a key member of the state-funded INKhUK whose work paved the way for an eventual dematerialization of the integral art object. Through the mining of untapped archives and collections in Russia and Latvia and a close reading of key Constructivist works, Gough highlights fundamental differences among the Moscow group in their handling of the experimental new sculptural form - the spatial construction - and of their subsequent shift to industrial production. "The Artist as Producer" upends the standard view that the Moscow group's formalism and abstraction were incompatible with the sociopolitical imperatives of the new Communist state. It challenges the common equation of Constructivism with functionalism and utilitarianism by delineating a contrary tendency toward non-determinism and an alternate orientation to process rather than product. Finally, the book counters the popular perception that Constructivism failed in its ambition to enter production by presenting the first-ever case study of how a Constructivist could, and in fact did, operate within an industrial environment. "The Artist as Producer" offers provocative new perspectives on three critical issues - formalism, functionalism, and failure - that are of central importance to our understanding not only of the Soviet phenomenon but also of the European vanguards more generally.
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The 13th-century town of Tübingen, Germany, is best known for its university, which spawned both Hegel and Kepler. And now, something very progressive is going on in the southern sector of the city. A field where an army barracks once stood has been transformed into a new district which has won international praise and awards for the way it has forged a livable and lovely(...)
septembre 2005, Berlin
Go south : the Tübinger model
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The 13th-century town of Tübingen, Germany, is best known for its university, which spawned both Hegel and Kepler. And now, something very progressive is going on in the southern sector of the city. A field where an army barracks once stood has been transformed into a new district which has won international praise and awards for the way it has forged a livable and lovely mixed-use environment out of thin (and clean) air. "Go South", in essays and in the color photographs of Gudrun Theresia de Maddalena, tells the story of what should become a model for urban and suburban development. The palette of buildings and spaces ranges from single-family homes to a townhouse for almost 30 families, from a business promotion center to a passive-solar mixed-use building, complete with apartments, office units, shops, a kindergarten, and a greenhouse lobby. The Tübingen South district received the European Municipal Construction Award in 2002 and the Deutsche Immobilien Fonds AG award for Europe's Best Districts in 2004.
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How does one reintegrate old textile mills into the fabric of a community? At a former Leipzig cotton-spinning mill (now the site of the Federkiel Foundation), a group of architects, critics, preservationists, city planners, and artists (among them Anne Dressen and Philipp Oswalt) convened to discuss the conversion of industrial space into cultural gathering place.(...)
How architecture can think socially
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How does one reintegrate old textile mills into the fabric of a community? At a former Leipzig cotton-spinning mill (now the site of the Federkiel Foundation), a group of architects, critics, preservationists, city planners, and artists (among them Anne Dressen and Philipp Oswalt) convened to discuss the conversion of industrial space into cultural gathering place. Chapters here cover P.S.1 in New York and MASS MoCA.
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In 1939, James Agee was assigned to write an article on Brooklyn for a special issue of Fortune on New York City. The draft was rejected for “creative differences,” and remained unpublished until it appeared in Esquire in 1968 under the title “Southeast of the Island : travel notes.” Crossing the borough from the brownstone heights over the Brooklyn Bridge out through(...)
Brooklyn is : southeast of the island, travel notes
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In 1939, James Agee was assigned to write an article on Brooklyn for a special issue of Fortune on New York City. The draft was rejected for “creative differences,” and remained unpublished until it appeared in Esquire in 1968 under the title “Southeast of the Island : travel notes.” Crossing the borough from the brownstone heights over the Brooklyn Bridge out through backstreet neighborhoods like Flatbush, Midwood, and Sheepshead Bay that roll silently to the sea, Agee captured in 10,000 remarkable words the essence of a place and its people.
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In "Tower and Office", Spanish architects Inaki Abalos and Juan Herreros look at the role and impact of advanced building technologies in American architecture since World War II. The war, they claim, marked the end of the first cycle of modernism, challenging the belief that technological progress alone could produce a perpetually better future. At the same time, the war(...)
octobre 2005, Cambridge
Tower and office : from Modernist theory to contemporary practice
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In "Tower and Office", Spanish architects Inaki Abalos and Juan Herreros look at the role and impact of advanced building technologies in American architecture since World War II. The war, they claim, marked the end of the first cycle of modernism, challenging the belief that technological progress alone could produce a perpetually better future. At the same time, the war was the source of powerful new structural models and construction methods. The authors examine the ways these technologies have been inflected over the last half century by more subjective and integrated processes of spatial organization. In the first part of the book, Abalos and Herreros focus on the work of Le Corbusier, revealing the degree of complexity achieved in his interpretation of the modern skyscraper. In the second part, they look at the intersection of technical and cultural determinants in the design of high-rise structures since World War II. Among the issues they consider are the evolution of the load-bearing frame, the impact of high-tech systems on tall buildings, and the transparent building skin. In the third part, they address developments in office design and planning, tracing an evolution from the repetitive and homogeneous office skyscraper to the present-day mixed-use structure. Overall they demonstrate how the objective technical analysis associated with modernist architectural theory has given way in recent building practice to a variety of flexible, pragmatic, and environmental approaches. These, they suggest, have opened the way to new urban and architectural forms.
Unseen Europe : a survey of EU politics and its impact on spatial development in the Netherlands
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The EU is involved, either directly or indirectly, in the most vital issues of national spatial policy. The indirect - and therefore usually unseen - consequences are often more significant, and will become increasingly so in the future. These are the most important findings in "Unseen Europe : a survey of EU politics and its impact on spatial development in the(...)
janvier 2004, Rotterdam
Unseen Europe : a survey of EU politics and its impact on spatial development in the Netherlands
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The EU is involved, either directly or indirectly, in the most vital issues of national spatial policy. The indirect - and therefore usually unseen - consequences are often more significant, and will become increasingly so in the future. These are the most important findings in "Unseen Europe : a survey of EU politics and its impact on spatial development in the Netherlands". This study by the Netherlands Institute for Spatial Planning (Ruimtelijk Planbureau) was presented to the Dutch minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, Sybilla M. Dekker. This study surveys a selected number of spatially relevant EU policy fields and their potential impacts in the Netherlands. Given this growing importance of European policy, those involved in spatial policy should keep abreast of developments to avoid being caught off-guard by new EU directives or initiatives. Where necessary position should be taken against the too uniform a character of European policy. Otherwise, the Dutch government should more actively anticipate the chances offered by the European context. Without this European perspective it is more and more difficult to conduct spatial policy. Instead of considering the EU as restrictive only, policy should therefore be formulated from a European perspective. In this respect the Netherlands still turns its back on Brussels too much.