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Archives are collections of records that are preserved for historical, cultural and evidentiary purposes. As such, archives are considered as sites of a past, places that contain traces of a collective memory of a nation, a people or a group. Digital archives have changed from stable entities into flexible systems, at times referred to with the term ‘Living Archives’. In(...)
Lost and living (in) archives collectively shaping new memories
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Archives are collections of records that are preserved for historical, cultural and evidentiary purposes. As such, archives are considered as sites of a past, places that contain traces of a collective memory of a nation, a people or a group. Digital archives have changed from stable entities into flexible systems, at times referred to with the term ‘Living Archives’. In which ways has this change affected our relationship to the past? Will the erased, forgotten and neglected be redeemed, and new memories be allowed? Will the fictional versus factual mode of archiving offer the democracy that the public domain implies, or is it another way for public instruments of power to operate? Lost and Living (in) Archives shows that archives are not simply a recording, a reflection, or an image of an event, but that THEY shape the event itself and thus influence the past, present and future.
In the swarm
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Digital communication and social media have taken over our lives. In this contrarian reflection on digitized life, Byung-Chul Han counters the cheerleaders for Twitter revolutions and Facebook activism by arguing that digital communication is in fact responsible for the disintegration of community and public space and is slowly eroding any possibility for real political(...)
In the swarm
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Digital communication and social media have taken over our lives. In this contrarian reflection on digitized life, Byung-Chul Han counters the cheerleaders for Twitter revolutions and Facebook activism by arguing that digital communication is in fact responsible for the disintegration of community and public space and is slowly eroding any possibility for real political action and meaningful political discourse. In the predigital, analog era, by the time an angry letter to the editor had been composed, mailed, and received, the immediate agitation had passed. Today, digital communication enables instantaneous, impulsive reaction, meant to express and stir up outrage on the spot. “The shitstorm,” writes Han, ”represents an authentic phenomenon of digital communication.” Meanwhile, the public, the senders and receivers of these communications have become a digital swarm—not a mass, or a crowd, or Negri and Hardt’s antiquated notion of a “multitude,” but a set of isolated individuals incapable of forming a “we,” incapable of calling dominant power relations into question, incapable of formulating a future because of an obsession with the present. The digital swarm is a fragmented entity that can focus on individual persons only in order to make them an object of scandal. Han, one of the most widely read philosophers in Europe today, describes a society in which information has overrun thought, in which the same algorithms are employed by Facebook, the stock market, and the intelligence services. Democracy is under threat because digital communication has made freedom and control indistinguishable. Big Brother has been succeeded by Big Data.
The stuff of bits
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In this publication, Paul Dourish examines the specific materialities that certain digital objects exhibit. He presents four case studies: emulation, the creation of a “virtual” computer inside another; digital spreadsheets and their role in organizational practice; relational databases and the issue of “the databaseable”; and the evolution of digital networking and the(...)
The stuff of bits
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In this publication, Paul Dourish examines the specific materialities that certain digital objects exhibit. He presents four case studies: emulation, the creation of a “virtual” computer inside another; digital spreadsheets and their role in organizational practice; relational databases and the issue of “the databaseable”; and the evolution of digital networking and the representational entailments of network protocols. These case studies demonstrate how a materialist account can offer an entry point to broader concerns - questions of power, policy, and polity in the realm of the digital.
Programmed inequality: how Britain discarded women technologists and lost its edge in computing
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In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinct. What happened in the intervening thirty years holds lessons for all postindustrial superpowers. As Britain struggled to use technology to retain its global power, the nation’s inability to manage its technical labor force hobbled its transition into the(...)
Programmed inequality: how Britain discarded women technologists and lost its edge in computing
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In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinct. What happened in the intervening thirty years holds lessons for all postindustrial superpowers. As Britain struggled to use technology to retain its global power, the nation’s inability to manage its technical labor force hobbled its transition into the information age. In "Programmed inequality", Marie Hicks explores the story of labor feminization and gendered technocracy that undercut British efforts to computerize. That failure sprang from the government’s systematic neglect of its largest trained technical workforce simply because they were women. Women were a hidden engine of growth in high technology from World War II to the 1960s. As computing experienced a gender flip, becoming male-identified in the 1960s and 1970s, labor problems grew into structural ones and gender discrimination caused the nation’s largest computer user—the civil service and sprawling public sector—to make decisions that were disastrous for the British computer industry and the nation as a whole.
The big archive
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The typewriter, the card index, and the filing cabinet: these are technologies and modalities of the archive. To the bureaucrat, archives contain little more than garbage, paperwork no longer needed; to the historian, on the other hand, the archive’s content stands as a quasi-objective correlative of the “living” past. Twentieth-century art made use of the archive in a(...)
The big archive
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The typewriter, the card index, and the filing cabinet: these are technologies and modalities of the archive. To the bureaucrat, archives contain little more than garbage, paperwork no longer needed; to the historian, on the other hand, the archive’s content stands as a quasi-objective correlative of the “living” past. Twentieth-century art made use of the archive in a variety of ways—from what Spieker calls Marcel Duchamp’s “anemic archive” of readymades and El Lissitzky’s Demonstration Rooms to the compilations of photographs made by such postwar artists as Susan Hiller and Gerhard Richter. In "The big archive", Sven Spieker investigates the archive—as both bureaucratic institution and index of evolving attitudes toward contingent time in science and art—and finds it to be a crucible of twentieth-century modernism.
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Each of us has an ever-growing collection of personal digital data: documents, photographs, PowerPoint presentations, videos, music, emails and texts sent and received. To access any of this, we have to find it. The ease (or difficulty) of finding something depends on how we organize our digital stuff. In this book, personal information management (PIM) experts Ofer(...)
novembre 2016
The science of managing our digital stuff
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Each of us has an ever-growing collection of personal digital data: documents, photographs, PowerPoint presentations, videos, music, emails and texts sent and received. To access any of this, we have to find it. The ease (or difficulty) of finding something depends on how we organize our digital stuff. In this book, personal information management (PIM) experts Ofer Bergman and Steve Whittaker explain why we organize our personal digital data the way we do and how the design of new PIM systems can help us manage our collections more efficiently.
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From Greek and Roman times to the digital era, the library has remained central to knowledge, scholarship, and the imagination. The Meaning of the Library is a generously illustrated examination of this key institution of Western culture. Tracing what the library has meant since its beginning, examining how its significance has shifted, and pondering its importance in the(...)
The meaning of the library: a cultural history
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From Greek and Roman times to the digital era, the library has remained central to knowledge, scholarship, and the imagination. The Meaning of the Library is a generously illustrated examination of this key institution of Western culture. Tracing what the library has meant since its beginning, examining how its significance has shifted, and pondering its importance in the twenty-first century, notable contributors—including the Librarian of Congress and the former executive director of the HathiTrust—present a cultural history of the library. In an informative introduction, Alice Crawford sets out the book's purpose and scope, and an international array of scholars, librarians, writers, and critics offer vivid perspectives about the library through their chosen fields. The Meaning of the Library will appeal to all who are interested in this vital institution's heritage and ongoing legacy.
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Aaron Swartz était programmeur informatique, essayiste, organisateur politique, et hacker-activiste américain. Adolescent, il était déjà un libre penseur, un programmeur, un écrivain et un militant profondément engagé en faveur de l’accès libre et gratuit à l’information contribuant au bien du public. Élevé dans la banlieue riche de Chicago, il atteint la majorité alors(...)
avril 2017
Celui qui pourrait changer le monde : écrits
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Aaron Swartz était programmeur informatique, essayiste, organisateur politique, et hacker-activiste américain. Adolescent, il était déjà un libre penseur, un programmeur, un écrivain et un militant profondément engagé en faveur de l’accès libre et gratuit à l’information contribuant au bien du public. Élevé dans la banlieue riche de Chicago, il atteint la majorité alors que la bataille relative au téléchargement illégal de musique bat son plein. Il devancera à cette occasion grand nombre des questions encore débattues aujourd’hui. Harcelé par le FBI suite au procès attenté à son égard, Aaron Swartz connaît une fin tragique en mettant fin à ses jours à l’âge de 26 ans alors qu’il faisait face à l’opposition entre son idéal de « free culture » et les lois relatives à la propriété intellectuelle aux États-Unis. Étant donné la terrible brièveté de son audacieuse vie intellectuelle "Celui qui pourrait changer le monde" est une remarquable et substantielle collection de ses écrits (articles, essais, conférences), qui soulignent la pluralité des intérêts du jeune homme, de son amour pour le code, à son idéal d’un monde collaboratif et virtuel. On y découvre un personnage curieux de tout, drôle, brillant, radical et visionnaire, mais aussi plein d’autodérision. Le livre est divisé en six chapitres, suivant ses centres d’intérêts : la culture libre, tout d’abord, les ordinateurs, la politique, les media, les livres et la culture et enfin l’éducation. Ses différents combats (pour la culture libre notamment, qui se politisèrent à la fin de sa vie) sont enracinés dans la croyance qu’accéder à la connaissance et la possibilité de l’utiliser constitue le meilleur moyen d’empowerment et de justice. L’activisme multi-facette de Swartz inclue l’orchestration de pétitions massives en ligne contre les lois relatives au droit d’auteur et la lutte contre le piratage. Swartz a également écrit avec passion sur les livres (Kafka et David Foster font partis de ses favoris), les magazines, les films, la musique et l’éducation.
Penser / Classer
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Que me demande-t-on, au juste ? Si je pense avant de classer ? Si je classe avant de penser ? Comment je classe ce que je pense ? Comment je pense quand je veux classer ? [...] Tellement tentant de vouloir distribuer le monde entier selon un code unique ; une loi universelle régirait l'ensemble des phénomènes : deux hémisphères, cinq continents, masculin et féminin,(...)
Penser / Classer
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Que me demande-t-on, au juste ? Si je pense avant de classer ? Si je classe avant de penser ? Comment je classe ce que je pense ? Comment je pense quand je veux classer ? [...] Tellement tentant de vouloir distribuer le monde entier selon un code unique ; une loi universelle régirait l'ensemble des phénomènes : deux hémisphères, cinq continents, masculin et féminin, animal et végétal, singulier pluriel, droite gauche, quatre saisons, cinq sens, six voyelles, sept jours, douze mois, vingt-six lettres. Malheureusement ça ne marche pas, ça n'a même jamais commencé à marcher, ça ne marchera jamais. N'empêche que l'on continuera encore longtemps à catégoriser tel ou tel animal selon qu'il a un nombre impair de doigts ou des cornes creuses.
This will - this
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The 2D bar code is disturbing and exciting because it is legible at an aesthetic level while remaining illegible at the level of content. What can we make of its linkages between logistics, cryptography, and space?
janvier 2009
This will - this
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The 2D bar code is disturbing and exciting because it is legible at an aesthetic level while remaining illegible at the level of content. What can we make of its linkages between logistics, cryptography, and space?