Planet of slums
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Urban theorist Davis takes a global approach to documenting the astonishing depth of squalid poverty that dominates the lives of the planet's increasingly urban population, detailing poor urban communities from Cape Town and Caracas to Casablanca and Khartoum. Davis argues health, justice and social issues associated with gargantuan slums (the largest, in Mexico City, has(...)
Planet of slums
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Urban theorist Davis takes a global approach to documenting the astonishing depth of squalid poverty that dominates the lives of the planet's increasingly urban population, detailing poor urban communities from Cape Town and Caracas to Casablanca and Khartoum. Davis argues health, justice and social issues associated with gargantuan slums (the largest, in Mexico City, has an estimated population of 4 million) get overlooked in world politics: "The demonizing rhetorics of the various international 'wars' on terrorism, drugs, and crime are so much semantic apartheid: they construct epistemological walls around gecekondus, favelas, and chawls that disable any honest debate about the daily violence of economic exclusion." Though Davis focuses on individual communities, he presents statistics showing the skyrocketing population and number of "megaslums" (informally, "stinking mountains of shit" or, formally, "when shanty-towns and squatter communities merge in continuous belts of informal housing and poverty, usually on the urban periphery") since the 1960s. Layered over the hard numbers are a fascinating grid of specific area studies and sub-topics ranging from how the Olympics has spurred the forceful relocation of thousands (and, sometimes, hundreds of thousands) of the urban poor, to the conversion of formerly second world countries to third world status. Davis paints a bleak picture of the upward trend in urbanization and maintains a stark outlook for slum-dwellers' futures
Théorie de l’urbanisme
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Based in Dublin, Cork and London, O'Donnell + Tuomey Architects are revered for their work with urban design, public and private housing, and key educational and cultural buildings in Ireland, the Netherlands and the UK. In London they are best known for two major projects: the Photographers' Gallery and the London School of Economics Saw Swee Hock Student Centre. Sheila(...)
Space for architecture: the work of O’Donnell + Tuomey
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Based in Dublin, Cork and London, O'Donnell + Tuomey Architects are revered for their work with urban design, public and private housing, and key educational and cultural buildings in Ireland, the Netherlands and the UK. In London they are best known for two major projects: the Photographers' Gallery and the London School of Economics Saw Swee Hock Student Centre. Sheila O'Donnell and John Tuomey, who both taught at University College Dublin and lecture internationally, constantly look at the way in which different geographical, social and political influences have shaped their iconic works and approach to architecture generally. This book, which is a second edition following the success of the first edition published in 2014, is divided into eight sections, each dealing with a different aspect of the practice's concerns: Studio, Courtyards, The World Outside, London Times, Subtraction and Addition, Venice Excursions, Building Ground and Cat's Cradles. Somewhere between a monograph and a memoir, a studio portfolio and a personal scrapbook, this book describes some of the motivating ideas behind the architects' iconic designs. Nine short essays, alternately written by Sheila O'Donnell and John Tuomey, set the theoretical background for thirteen projects carried out between 1999-2014. Illustrations range from early stage concept sketches to specific photography that has been especially commissioned for the book, to evocatively capture the essence of O'Donnell and Tuomey's buildings.
Architecture, monographies
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Architect Stanley Saitowitz, based in San Francisco, is known for a practice that unites the qualities of early modern architecture with the construction techniques, materials, and urban and social attributes of the twenty-first century. Recurring themes in his work include the careful connection to time and place; the construction of spaces that allow fields of(...)
octobre 2005, New York
Stanley Saitowitz : buildings and projects
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Architect Stanley Saitowitz, based in San Francisco, is known for a practice that unites the qualities of early modern architecture with the construction techniques, materials, and urban and social attributes of the twenty-first century. Recurring themes in his work include the careful connection to time and place; the construction of spaces that allow fields of opportunity; the use of generative systems; the role of architecture as a support for human activity; and the visible trace of building techniques. This monograph, the first on Stanley Saitowitz office, presents fifty projects from more than thirty years of practice. The projects, divided by building type, are accompanied by a personal text in which Saitowitz plainly discusses his influences and interests. Landscape houses, often built on spectacular sites in Marin, Napa, and Sonoma, have evolved to include the noted "bar houses." Urban houses, while compact and dense, incorporate a sense of volume; similarly, multifamily housing provides indeterminate space to allow for personalization. Buildings for schools range from the riverside campus of the Oxbow School in Napa to the structurally innovative Building 23B at UCSF Mission Bay. Among the public landscapes is Mill Race Park in Columbus, Indiana, an assemblage of constructions specific to both place and function. Finally, Saitowitz has developed a series of designs that explore the formation of a Jewish architecture, notably synagogues in San Francisco and La Jolla and the Holocaust Memorial in Boston. Principal photography by Richard Barnes and Tim Griffith.
livres
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In 1919 the Social Democrat city council of Vienna initiated a radical program of reforms designed to reshape the city's infrastructure along socialist lines. The centrepiece and most enduring achievement of "Red" Vienna was the construction of the Wiener (...)
The architecture of red Vienna 1919-1934
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In 1919 the Social Democrat city council of Vienna initiated a radical program of reforms designed to reshape the city's infrastructure along socialist lines. The centrepiece and most enduring achievement of "Red" Vienna was the construction of the Wiener Gemeindebauten, 400 communal housing blocks, distributed throughout the city, in which workers' dwellings were incorporated with kindergartens, libraries, medical clinics, theaters, cooperative stores, and other public facilities. The 64,000 units housed one tenth of the city's population. Throughout this socialist building campaign, however, Austria was ruled by a conservative, clerical, and antisocialist political majority. Thus the architecture of Red Vienna took shape in the midst of highly charged, and often violent, political conflict between left and right. In this book, Eve Blau looks at how that ideological conflict shaped the buildings of Red Vienna--in terms of their programme, spatial conception, language, and use--as well as how political meaning itself is manifested in architecture. She shows how the architecture of Red Vienna constructed meaning in relation to the ideological conflicts that defined Austrian politics in the interwar period--how it was shaped by the conditions of its making, and how it engaged its own codes, practices, and history to stake out a political position in relation to those conditions. Her investigation sheds light both on the complex relationship among political program, architectural practice, and urban history in interwar Vienna, and on the process by which architecture can generate a collective discourse that includes all members of society.
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décembre 1998, Cambridge, Mass.
Modernisme
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When America became suburban
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In the decades after World War II, the United States became the most prosperous nation in the world and a superpower whose dominance was symbolized by the American suburbs. Spurred by the decline of its industrial cities and by mass suburbanization, people imagined a new national identity—one that emphasized consumerism, social mobility, and a suburban lifestyle. The(...)
When America became suburban
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In the decades after World War II, the United States became the most prosperous nation in the world and a superpower whose dominance was symbolized by the American suburbs. Spurred by the decline of its industrial cities and by mass suburbanization, people imagined a new national identity—one that emphasized consumerism, social mobility, and a suburban lifestyle. The urbanity of the city was lost. In "When America became suburban", Robert A. Beauregard examines this historic intersection of urban decline, mass suburbanization, domestic prosperity, and U.S. global aspirations as it unfolded from 1945 to the mid-1970s. Suburban expansion and the subsequent emergence of sprawling Sunbelt cities transformed every aspect of American society. Assessing the global implications of America’s suburban way of life as evidence of the superiority of capitalist democracy, Beauregard traces how the suburban ideology enabled America to distinguish itself from both the Communist bloc and Western Europe, thereby deepening its claim of exceptionalism on the world-historical stage. Placing the decline of America’s industrial cities and the rise of vast suburban housing and retail spaces into a cultural, political, and global context, Beauregard illuminates how these phenomena contributed to a changing notion of America’s identity at home and abroad. "When America became suburban" brings to light the profound implications of de-urbanization: from the siphoning of investments from the cities and the effect on the quality of life for those left behind to a profound shift in national identity.
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septembre 2006, Minneapolis, London
Banlieues
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This book examines the development of Vancouver’s unique approach to zoning, planning, and urban design from its inception in the early 1970's to its maturity in the management of urban change at the beginning of the twenty-first century. By the late 1990's, Vancouver had established a reputation in North America for its planning achievement, especially for its creation(...)
The Vancouver achievement : urban planning and design
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This book examines the development of Vancouver’s unique approach to zoning, planning, and urban design from its inception in the early 1970's to its maturity in the management of urban change at the beginning of the twenty-first century. By the late 1990's, Vancouver had established a reputation in North America for its planning achievement, especially for its creation of a participative, responsive, and design-led approach to urban regeneration and redevelopment. This system has other important features: an innovative approach to megaproject planning, a system of cost and amenity levies on major schemes, a participative CityPlan process to underpin active neighbourhood planning, and a sophisticated panoply of design guidelines. These systems, processes, and their achievements place Vancouver at the forefront of international planning practice. "The Vancouver Achievement" explains the evolution and evaluates the outcomes of Vancouver’s unique system of discretionary zoning. The introductory chapters set the context for the study: they cover the invention and refinement of this system in the reform movement, its development of policies, guidelines, and control processes, and its translation into official development plans and neighbourhood design in the 1970's. Subsequent chapters focus upon the downtown, waterfront megaprojects, single-family neighbourhoods, the city-wide strategic planning programme (CityPlan), pressures for reform of control processes, and current downtown and inner city developments, especially issues of affordable housing, social exclusion, and multiple deprivation. The concluding chapter summarizes "The Vancouver Achievement," explains the keys to its success, and evaluates its design success against internationally accepted criteria.
Architecture du Canada
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Published for a major exhibition at The Museum of Modern Art, this catalog reveals new perspectives on the work of Frank Lloyd Wright, a designer so prolific and familiar as to nearly preclude critical reexamination. Structured as a series of inquiries into the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Archives at Taliesin West, Arizona (recently acquired by MoMA and Avery(...)
Frank Lloyd Wright: unpacking the archive
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Published for a major exhibition at The Museum of Modern Art, this catalog reveals new perspectives on the work of Frank Lloyd Wright, a designer so prolific and familiar as to nearly preclude critical reexamination. Structured as a series of inquiries into the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Archives at Taliesin West, Arizona (recently acquired by MoMA and Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University), the book is a collection of scholarly explorations rather than an attempt to construct a master narrative. Each chapter centers on a key object from the archive that an invited author has “unpacked”— tracing its meanings and connections, and juxtaposing it with other works from the archive, from MoMA, or from outside collections. Wright’s quest to build a mile-high skyscraper reveals him to be one of the earliest celebrity architects, using television, press relations and other forms of mass media to advance his own self-crafted image. A little-known project for a Rosenwald School for African-American children, together with other projects that engage Japanese and Native American culture, ask provocative questions about Wright’s positions on race and cultural identity. Still other investigations engage the architect’s lifelong dedication to affordable and do-it-yourself housing, as well as the ecological systems, both social and environmental, that informed his approach to cities, landscapes and even ornament. The publication aims to open up Wright’s work to questions, interrogations and debates, and to highlight interpretations by contemporary scholars, both established Wright experts and others considering this iconic figure from new and illuminating perspectives.
Architecture, monographies
The minimum dwelling
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Karel Teige (1900–1951), one of the most important figures of avant-garde modernism of the 1920s and 1930s, influenced virtually every area of art, design, and urban thinking in his native Czechoslovakia. His "Minimum dwelling", originally published in Czech in 1932, and appearing now for the first time in English, is one of the landmark architectural books of the(...)
The minimum dwelling
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Karel Teige (1900–1951), one of the most important figures of avant-garde modernism of the 1920s and 1930s, influenced virtually every area of art, design, and urban thinking in his native Czechoslovakia. His "Minimum dwelling", originally published in Czech in 1932, and appearing now for the first time in English, is one of the landmark architectural books of the twentieth century. "The minimum dwelling" is not just a book on architecture, but also a blueprint for a new way of living. It calls for a radical rethinking of domestic space and of the role of modern architecture in the planning, design, and construction of new dwelling types for the proletariat. Teige shows how Gropius, Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, and others designed little more than new versions of baroque palaces, mainly for the new financial aristocracy. Teige envisioned the minimum dwelling not as a reduced version of a bourgeois apartment or rural cottage, but as a wholly new dwelling type built on the cooperation of architects, sociologists, economists, health officials, physicians, social workers, politicians, and trade unionists. The book covers many subjects that are still of great relevance. Of particular interest are Teige’s rejection of traditional notions of the kitchen as the core of family-centered plans and of marriage as the foundation of modern cohabitation. He describes alternative lifestyles and new ways of cohabitation of sexes, generations, and classes. The detailed programmatic chapters on collective housing remain far ahead of current thinking, and his comments on collective dwelling presage communal living experiments of the 1960s and 1970s, as well as the communal facilities in contemporary condominium buildings and retirement communities. Translated and introduced by Eric Dluhosch.
Théorie de l’architecture
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The concept of "the city" — as well as "the state" and "the nation state" — is passé, agree contributors to this insightful book. The new scale for considering economic strength and growth opportunities is "the megaregion", a network of metropolitan centers and their surrounding areas that are spatially and functionally linked through environmental, economic, and(...)
Megaregions ; planning for global competitiveness
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The concept of "the city" — as well as "the state" and "the nation state" — is passé, agree contributors to this insightful book. The new scale for considering economic strength and growth opportunities is "the megaregion", a network of metropolitan centers and their surrounding areas that are spatially and functionally linked through environmental, economic, and infrastructure interactions. Recently a great deal of attention has been focused on the emergence of the European Union and on European spatial planning, which has boosted the region’s competitiveness. Megaregions applies these emerging concepts in an American context. It addresses critical questions for our future : What are the spatial implications of local, regional, national, and global trends within the context of sustainability, economic competitiveness, and social equity? How can we address housing, transportation, and infrastructure needs in growing megaregions? How can we develop and implement the policy changes necessary to make viable, livable megaregions? By the year 2050, megaregions will contain two-thirds of the U.S. population. Given the projected growth of the U.S. population and the accompanying geographic changes, this forward-looking book argues that U.S. planners and policymakers must examine and implement the megaregion as a new and appropriate framework. Contributors, all of whom are leaders in their academic and professional specialties, address the most critical issues confronting the U.S. over the next fifty years. At the same time, they examine ways in which the idea of megaregions might help address our concerns about equity, the economy, and the environment. Together, these essays define the theoretical, analytical, and operational underpinnings of a new structure that could respond to the anticipated upheavals in U.S. population and living patterns.
Théorie de l’urbanisme
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Victorian cities evoke images of crowded tenements where social unrest and epidemic disease were rampant. Conditions in nineteenth-century London, in particular, sparked efforts to find alternative plans for urban development. The most influential alternative to the Victorian city was Ebenezer Howard's Garden City, an idea he sketched in his modest book «To-morrow : a(...)
Théorie de l’urbanisme
novembre 2002, Baltimore / London
The legacy of Ebenezer Howard from garden city to green city
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Victorian cities evoke images of crowded tenements where social unrest and epidemic disease were rampant. Conditions in nineteenth-century London, in particular, sparked efforts to find alternative plans for urban development. The most influential alternative to the Victorian city was Ebenezer Howard's Garden City, an idea he sketched in his modest book «To-morrow : a peaceful path to real reform». First published in 1898, To-Morrow attempted to improve the material condition of working-class families through a vision of new communities which would provide a better quality of life. Howard's legacy grew throughout the twentieth century in garden cities, suburbs, and green towns; a century later, architects and planners are still motivated by his ideas. Published on the one hundredth anniversary of Garden Cities of To-Morrow (1902), the more familiar version of Howard's pathbreaking book, the ten essays in this new volume place Howard's legacy in its historic context and show its continuing relevance for urban, regional, and environmental planners. Following a biographical essay, three articles trace the influence of Howard's ideas on the development of the modern metropolis, while another four address his concepts regarding the arrangement of housing and community life and show how they have influenced subsequent development. Two closing essays assess critical aspects of Howard's legacy for the twenty-first century. The contributors focus on the timeless significance of Howard's ideas about limits to growth, the effectiveness of agricultural greenbelts in growth management, and the use of physical space to promote human interaction, as well as the relevance of Howard's work to the new urbanism and sustainability movements.
Théorie de l’urbanisme