documents textuels, photographies
DR2012:0015:024:011
Description:
File containing documents in English and French (predominant), including photographs, and press clippings. Also includes one copy of a 10th anniversary booklet for Sauve construction limitée, based in Saint-Thérèse, Quebec. Materials possibly gathered for inclusion in Louis Martin's 2013 book, "On architecture: Melvin Charney: a critical anthology". Original folder inscribed in graphite: MC ANTHO - IMAGES QUEBEC 1960's/70's
1972-1974
Reference materials possibly used to article "On architecture: Melvin Charney: a critical anthology"
Actions:
DR2012:0015:024:011
Description:
File containing documents in English and French (predominant), including photographs, and press clippings. Also includes one copy of a 10th anniversary booklet for Sauve construction limitée, based in Saint-Thérèse, Quebec. Materials possibly gathered for inclusion in Louis Martin's 2013 book, "On architecture: Melvin Charney: a critical anthology". Original folder inscribed in graphite: MC ANTHO - IMAGES QUEBEC 1960's/70's
documents textuels, photographies
1972-1974
né numérique
Quantité:
357 digital file(s)
AP174.S1.2001.D1.003
Description:
Contains press reviews and pictures documenting Carbon Tower's inclusion in the Extreme Textiles exhibit at the Cooper-Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum (New York, 2005) in the form of captured HTML pages and associated folders containing media and code. Original directory name: "_ref_PRESS". Most common file formats: Graphics Interchange Format, JavaScript file, JPEG File Interchange Format, Cascading Style Sheet, Hypertext Markup Language
2004-2007
Extreme Textiles exhibit press
Actions:
AP174.S1.2001.D1.003
Description:
Contains press reviews and pictures documenting Carbon Tower's inclusion in the Extreme Textiles exhibit at the Cooper-Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum (New York, 2005) in the form of captured HTML pages and associated folders containing media and code. Original directory name: "_ref_PRESS". Most common file formats: Graphics Interchange Format, JavaScript file, JPEG File Interchange Format, Cascading Style Sheet, Hypertext Markup Language
né numérique
Quantité:
357 digital file(s)
2004-2007
photographies
DR2012:0015:024:005
Description:
File containing a colour printout of a map of Montreal in 1761 on coated paper, and the following photographic materials: - the CCA garden (1 chromogenic colour print, 1 gelatin silver print); - Monument 30: monument to the dormitory barracks (1 gelatin silver print); - Complexe Desjardins (1 black-and-white printout on coated paper). Materials possibly gathered for inclusion in Louis Martin's 2013 book, On architecture: Melvin Charney: a critical anthology. Original folder inscribed in graphite: CURRENT MC ANTHO – BOOK PHOTOS TO CHECK
1987
Reference photographic materials possibly used for book by Louis Martin on Melvin Charney
Actions:
DR2012:0015:024:005
Description:
File containing a colour printout of a map of Montreal in 1761 on coated paper, and the following photographic materials: - the CCA garden (1 chromogenic colour print, 1 gelatin silver print); - Monument 30: monument to the dormitory barracks (1 gelatin silver print); - Complexe Desjardins (1 black-and-white printout on coated paper). Materials possibly gathered for inclusion in Louis Martin's 2013 book, On architecture: Melvin Charney: a critical anthology. Original folder inscribed in graphite: CURRENT MC ANTHO – BOOK PHOTOS TO CHECK
photographies
1987
photographies
DR2012:0015:024:003
Description:
File containing photographic materials held in plastic sleeves and glassine, related to the following events, locations, and/or projects: - Melvin Charney’s travels through Italy (118 black-and-white negative frames, 91 contact sheet frames, 1 colour slide); - Corridart project (1 gelatin silver print); - CCA garden (5 colour slides); - Montréal, plus ou moins? (19 black-and-white slides). Materials possibly gathered for inclusion in Louis Martin's 2013 book, On architecture: Melvin Charney: a critical anthology. Original folder inscribed in graphite: AIGEUS MORT OSTIA ANTICA 1961
1960-1961, 1986, 2000
Photographs of various artworks from Melvin Charney's projects and events
Actions:
DR2012:0015:024:003
Description:
File containing photographic materials held in plastic sleeves and glassine, related to the following events, locations, and/or projects: - Melvin Charney’s travels through Italy (118 black-and-white negative frames, 91 contact sheet frames, 1 colour slide); - Corridart project (1 gelatin silver print); - CCA garden (5 colour slides); - Montréal, plus ou moins? (19 black-and-white slides). Materials possibly gathered for inclusion in Louis Martin's 2013 book, On architecture: Melvin Charney: a critical anthology. Original folder inscribed in graphite: AIGEUS MORT OSTIA ANTICA 1961
photographies
1960-1961, 1986, 2000
Sur les traces des... gens
L’un des indicateurs de la modernité à partir du XVIIIe siècle est l’apparition des « gens » comme nouvelle entité politique respectée. En réponse à ce phénomène, les architectes se sont engagés dans la transformation des villes, ont exploré de nouvelles technologies, testé de nouveaux discours en architecture et ont pris part dans des conflits culturels enflammés – le(...)
Vitrines
5 octobre 2011 au 22 janvier 2012
Sur les traces des... gens
Actions:
Description:
L’un des indicateurs de la modernité à partir du XVIIIe siècle est l’apparition des « gens » comme nouvelle entité politique respectée. En réponse à ce phénomène, les architectes se sont engagés dans la transformation des villes, ont exploré de nouvelles technologies, testé de nouveaux discours en architecture et ont pris part dans des conflits culturels enflammés – le(...)
Vitrines
dessins, documents textuels, né numérique
AP181.S1.003
Description:
Original directory name:"02_1_Berater BMW". Records relate to construction and planning issues where BMW, as the client, was either in charge or more involved in the decision making. There is at least one report mentioning a BMW Design Planning Office. Bulk dates run from 2002 to 2007. There are sixteen consultants’ files, identified primarily with the firm or consultant name and expertise. These include Interbrand Zintzmeyer & Lux on corporate identity, ECE Projektmanagement GmbH on logistics, Stangl AG on facility management, Ingenieurbüro Georg Ziegler IGVB for surveying, GHTM AG on lightning protection, Schottenhamel & Kiening on restaurants cuisine and atmosphere planning, and bp solar on the inclusion of solar panels on the roof. Records consist of plans and drawings in CAD and PDF formats, renderings saved as JPEG, photographs, and textual records, such as correspondence, engineering reports, and presentations by the consultants. Most common file formats: AutoCAD Drawing, JPEG File Interchange Format, Acrobat PDF 1.4 - Portable Document Format, Acrobat PDF 1.2 - Portable Document Format, Acrobat PDF 1.3 - Portable Document Format
1999-2012
BMW consultants files, BMW Welt, Munich
Actions:
AP181.S1.003
Description:
Original directory name:"02_1_Berater BMW". Records relate to construction and planning issues where BMW, as the client, was either in charge or more involved in the decision making. There is at least one report mentioning a BMW Design Planning Office. Bulk dates run from 2002 to 2007. There are sixteen consultants’ files, identified primarily with the firm or consultant name and expertise. These include Interbrand Zintzmeyer & Lux on corporate identity, ECE Projektmanagement GmbH on logistics, Stangl AG on facility management, Ingenieurbüro Georg Ziegler IGVB for surveying, GHTM AG on lightning protection, Schottenhamel & Kiening on restaurants cuisine and atmosphere planning, and bp solar on the inclusion of solar panels on the roof. Records consist of plans and drawings in CAD and PDF formats, renderings saved as JPEG, photographs, and textual records, such as correspondence, engineering reports, and presentations by the consultants. Most common file formats: AutoCAD Drawing, JPEG File Interchange Format, Acrobat PDF 1.4 - Portable Document Format, Acrobat PDF 1.2 - Portable Document Format, Acrobat PDF 1.3 - Portable Document Format
dessins, documents textuels, né numérique
1999-2012
documents textuels
Quantité:
248 manuscript(s)
DR1984:1633:001
Description:
- This is a group of correspondences between Edward Leonard and Belgian architects whose work was proposed for inclusion in a book (never published) on domestic Belgian architecture of the 1920s (see object file DR1984:1633:01-02). The architects whose buildings have been included in the album DR1984:1633:002 are: Richard Acke, Fern Bodson, Paul Bonduelle, Victor Bourgeois, A. van Braekel, Frans Cools, J.A. De Bondt, J. De Ridder, Auguste De Smet, Henri Derée, Paul Detaeye, J.B. Dewin, J. Diongre, René Doom, Eeckeren, J.J. Eggericx, Alfons Francken, Lucien Francois, Jean E.P. Hendrickx, E.P. Jean, Huib Hoste, Houben, Huygh, E. Janssens, Ferdinand van Mierlo, J Minmaar, R. Nyst, Jacques Obozinski, Antoine Pompe, Portielje & De Braey Architectes, A Puissant, Paul Rubbers, Shobert, Cornelis Sol, Edward van Steenbergen, P.T.T. Verbruggen, R. Verwilghen, Jozef Viérin, Vincent Cols & Jules De Roeck Architectes, Oscar van de Voorde, and H.A. Wittocx. - The architects with whom Edward Leonard corresponded, but whose work is not included in the album DR1984:1633:002 are: J. van Asperen, E. van Averbeke, Frank Blockx, Georges Brosens, van Cauwelaert, Edward Craye, A.Defever, Julien De Ridder, Albert van Huffel, Jan Jacobs, S. Jasinski, W. van Kuyek, J. de Lange, F.J. Langeraert, Jan Lauwers, C. Leurs, Jean de Ligne, Alfred Minner, E.H.Nagels, E. van Not, E. van der Paal, F. Petit, Florent van Reeth, Jos. Ritzen, Paul Smekens, Jos. Smolderen, Léon Stynen, Lovis van der Swaelmen, Valentin Vaerwyck, and Henry van de Velde.
architecture
1922-1929
Folder of letters and documents concerning the publication of a book on domestic architecture in Belgium after World War I
Actions:
DR1984:1633:001
Description:
- This is a group of correspondences between Edward Leonard and Belgian architects whose work was proposed for inclusion in a book (never published) on domestic Belgian architecture of the 1920s (see object file DR1984:1633:01-02). The architects whose buildings have been included in the album DR1984:1633:002 are: Richard Acke, Fern Bodson, Paul Bonduelle, Victor Bourgeois, A. van Braekel, Frans Cools, J.A. De Bondt, J. De Ridder, Auguste De Smet, Henri Derée, Paul Detaeye, J.B. Dewin, J. Diongre, René Doom, Eeckeren, J.J. Eggericx, Alfons Francken, Lucien Francois, Jean E.P. Hendrickx, E.P. Jean, Huib Hoste, Houben, Huygh, E. Janssens, Ferdinand van Mierlo, J Minmaar, R. Nyst, Jacques Obozinski, Antoine Pompe, Portielje & De Braey Architectes, A Puissant, Paul Rubbers, Shobert, Cornelis Sol, Edward van Steenbergen, P.T.T. Verbruggen, R. Verwilghen, Jozef Viérin, Vincent Cols & Jules De Roeck Architectes, Oscar van de Voorde, and H.A. Wittocx. - The architects with whom Edward Leonard corresponded, but whose work is not included in the album DR1984:1633:002 are: J. van Asperen, E. van Averbeke, Frank Blockx, Georges Brosens, van Cauwelaert, Edward Craye, A.Defever, Julien De Ridder, Albert van Huffel, Jan Jacobs, S. Jasinski, W. van Kuyek, J. de Lange, F.J. Langeraert, Jan Lauwers, C. Leurs, Jean de Ligne, Alfred Minner, E.H.Nagels, E. van Not, E. van der Paal, F. Petit, Florent van Reeth, Jos. Ritzen, Paul Smekens, Jos. Smolderen, Léon Stynen, Lovis van der Swaelmen, Valentin Vaerwyck, and Henry van de Velde.
documents textuels
Quantité:
248 manuscript(s)
1922-1929
architecture
photographies
DR1984:1633:002
Description:
- This is a group of photographs and drawings by Belgian architects selected by Edward Leonard for inclusion in a book (never published) on Belgian architecture of the 1920s (see object file DR1984:1633:01-02). Some of the photographs have been taken by Duquenne. The architects whose buildings have been included in the album DR1984:1633:002 are: Richard Acke, Fern Bodson, Paul Bonduelle, Victor Bourgeois, A. van Braekel, Frans Cools, J.A. De Bondt, J. De Ridder, Auguste De Smet, Henri Derée, Paul Detaeye, J.B. Dewin, J. Diongre, René Doom, Eeckeren, J.J. Eggericx, Alfons Francken, Lucien Francois, Jean E.P. Hendrickx, E.P. Jean, Huib Hoste, Houben, Huygh, E. Janssens, Ferdinand van Mierlo, J Minmaar, R. Nyst, Jacques Obozinski, Antoine Pompe, Portielje & De Braey Architectes, A Puissant, Paul Rubbers, Shobert, Cornelis Sol, Edward van Steenbergen, P.T.T. Verbruggen, R. Verwilghen, Jozef Viérin, Vincent Cols & Jules De Roeck Architectes, Oscar van de Voorde, and H.A. Wittocx. - The architects with whom Edward Leonard corresponded, but whose work is not included in the album DR1984:1633:002 are: J. van Asperen, E. van Averbeke, Frank Blockx, Georges Brosens, van Cauwelaert, Edward Craye, A.Defever, Julien De Ridder, Albert van Huffel, Jan Jacobs, S. Jasinski, W. van Kuyek, J. de Lange, F.J. Langeraert, Jan Lauwers, C. Leurs, Jean de Ligne, Alfred Minner, E.H.Nagels, E. van Not, E. van der Paal, F. Petit, Florent van Reeth, Jos. Ritzen, Paul Smekens, Jos. Smolderen, Léon Stynen, Lovis van der Swaelmen, Valentin Vaerwyck, and Henry van de Velde.
architecture
1922-1929
Album of photographs, drawings, reprographic copies, few correspondences, and ephemera for a book on domestic architecture in Belgium after World War I
Actions:
DR1984:1633:002
Description:
- This is a group of photographs and drawings by Belgian architects selected by Edward Leonard for inclusion in a book (never published) on Belgian architecture of the 1920s (see object file DR1984:1633:01-02). Some of the photographs have been taken by Duquenne. The architects whose buildings have been included in the album DR1984:1633:002 are: Richard Acke, Fern Bodson, Paul Bonduelle, Victor Bourgeois, A. van Braekel, Frans Cools, J.A. De Bondt, J. De Ridder, Auguste De Smet, Henri Derée, Paul Detaeye, J.B. Dewin, J. Diongre, René Doom, Eeckeren, J.J. Eggericx, Alfons Francken, Lucien Francois, Jean E.P. Hendrickx, E.P. Jean, Huib Hoste, Houben, Huygh, E. Janssens, Ferdinand van Mierlo, J Minmaar, R. Nyst, Jacques Obozinski, Antoine Pompe, Portielje & De Braey Architectes, A Puissant, Paul Rubbers, Shobert, Cornelis Sol, Edward van Steenbergen, P.T.T. Verbruggen, R. Verwilghen, Jozef Viérin, Vincent Cols & Jules De Roeck Architectes, Oscar van de Voorde, and H.A. Wittocx. - The architects with whom Edward Leonard corresponded, but whose work is not included in the album DR1984:1633:002 are: J. van Asperen, E. van Averbeke, Frank Blockx, Georges Brosens, van Cauwelaert, Edward Craye, A.Defever, Julien De Ridder, Albert van Huffel, Jan Jacobs, S. Jasinski, W. van Kuyek, J. de Lange, F.J. Langeraert, Jan Lauwers, C. Leurs, Jean de Ligne, Alfred Minner, E.H.Nagels, E. van Not, E. van der Paal, F. Petit, Florent van Reeth, Jos. Ritzen, Paul Smekens, Jos. Smolderen, Léon Stynen, Lovis van der Swaelmen, Valentin Vaerwyck, and Henry van de Velde.
photographies
1922-1929
architecture
Elevation of a palace façade
DR1970:0003
Description:
This drawing shows an exterior of a residential building. The artist uses color to suggest the materials used in construction; blue-grey for the pitched slate roof, brown for masonry details and architectural sculpture, and red striations for brickwork. This combination of materials was common in early modern France, where a play on color and materiality enlivened the façades of well-known royal edifices including the chateaux of Fontainebleau and Saint-Germain-en-Laye. As with the construction technique that interwove stone with brick, the architectural style depicted in the drawing combines traditional French ideas about building with classicizing elements imported to France via Italian artists and architects as well as through printed translations of Vitruvius’s 'De architectura' and Sebastiano Serlio’s architectural treatise. The inclusion of masonry rustication and the decorative urns that punctuate the roofline suggest a knowledge of classicizing trends in architectural ornament and a familiarity with the œuvre of artists working in the circle of the first and second Écoles de Fontainebleau. The structure’s elongated form suggests a gallery and the organization of the façade borrows the combination of slightly protruding vertical bays and long horizontal registers that characterizes Pierre Lescot’s wing of the Louvre, a project that would have been well-known in court circles in the latter half of the sixteenth century. Similarly, the two winged allegorical figures flanking the central pediment are reminiscent of Jean Goujon’s sculptural additions to the Lescot wing. In the Canadian Centre for Architecture’s drawing both figures hold palms, but the artist omitted any further identifying attributes, perhaps – along with the empty niches – as an invitation for the patron to imagine his or her own thematic program for the project.
first quarter of the 16th century
Elevation of a palace façade
Actions:
DR1970:0003
Description:
This drawing shows an exterior of a residential building. The artist uses color to suggest the materials used in construction; blue-grey for the pitched slate roof, brown for masonry details and architectural sculpture, and red striations for brickwork. This combination of materials was common in early modern France, where a play on color and materiality enlivened the façades of well-known royal edifices including the chateaux of Fontainebleau and Saint-Germain-en-Laye. As with the construction technique that interwove stone with brick, the architectural style depicted in the drawing combines traditional French ideas about building with classicizing elements imported to France via Italian artists and architects as well as through printed translations of Vitruvius’s 'De architectura' and Sebastiano Serlio’s architectural treatise. The inclusion of masonry rustication and the decorative urns that punctuate the roofline suggest a knowledge of classicizing trends in architectural ornament and a familiarity with the œuvre of artists working in the circle of the first and second Écoles de Fontainebleau. The structure’s elongated form suggests a gallery and the organization of the façade borrows the combination of slightly protruding vertical bays and long horizontal registers that characterizes Pierre Lescot’s wing of the Louvre, a project that would have been well-known in court circles in the latter half of the sixteenth century. Similarly, the two winged allegorical figures flanking the central pediment are reminiscent of Jean Goujon’s sculptural additions to the Lescot wing. In the Canadian Centre for Architecture’s drawing both figures hold palms, but the artist omitted any further identifying attributes, perhaps – along with the empty niches – as an invitation for the patron to imagine his or her own thematic program for the project.
Sous-série
CI001.S2.D5
Description:
Charles Rohault de Fleury was architect for the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle from 1833 to 1862. His work for the Muséum is represented in the CCA collection by a diverse group of prints and drawings. In addition to documenting his built and unbuilt projects, the inclusion of prints and drawings of museum and zoo buildings by other architects record, if only partially, the resources available to Charles in designing his buildings. This reference material provides insight into the influences on Charles' work as well as the nature of the design process itself. His built works, with the exception of the 1854 addition to the greenhouses, are illustrated in a book of prints with a brief accompanying text - "Muséum d'histoire naturelle: serres chaudes, galeries de minéralogie, etc. etc." (published 1837) (DR1974:0002:004:001; a second copy is held by the CCA library) (1). While prints are included for the Galerie de minéralogie et de géologie, the monkey house and the reservoirs, the majority of the prints are of the greenhouses (serres chaudes) begun 1833 (2). Known for their technological innovations in iron construction, these greenhouses utilized the first multi-storey load-bearing cast-iron façades for the central pavilions as well as space frame roof structures and prefabricated parts. This structural system is well documented in the prints in the CCA collection. The design was apparently inspired by the English greenhouses - a plate of which are included in the book - that Charles saw on a tour of England. The use of prestressed beams and curved roofs in the lateral wings attest to this influence. Charles' greenhouses, in turn, influenced the design of other greenhouses in Europe especially those at the Jardins Botanique in Liège and Ghent, Belgium (3). Although Joseph Paxton saw the greenhouses in 1833, it is unclear if they had an impact on the design of the Crystal Palace constructed 1850-1851 (4). The innovations of Charles' greenhouses continued to be acknowledged into the 20th century. Giedion in "Space, Time and Architecture", while erroneously attributing them to Rouhault (5)(6), refers to the greenhouses as "the prototype of all large iron-framed conservatories" (7). In addition to the greenhouses for the Muséum, the CCA collection includes three proposals (dated 1841) for a private greenhouse designed by Charles Rohault de Fleury (DR1974:0002:002:008 - DR1974:0002:002:013). The designs utilize the same curved roofs as the wings of the greenhouses at the Muséum combined with classically detailed stonework. An different aspect of Charles' work for the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle is represented in the album of unexecuted proposals -the only design drawings for the Muséum in the collection - for a Galerie de zoologie (DR1974:0002:024:001-079). Building on the typology of his earlier classical Galerie de minéralogie et de géologie (constructed 1833 -1841), the proposals, which date from between 1838 and 1862, illustrate a gradual enrichment of Charles' classical architectural vocabulary (8). They vary in their spatial configurations and façade treatments ranging from austere colonnaded designs with little ornament to more elaborate ones with richly encrusted facades, complex rooflines and more dramatic interior spaces characteristic of the Second Empire. The majority of the proposals consist of preliminary drawings illustrating the essential formal, spatial and ornamental aspects of the building. One proposal, dated January 1846, is substantially more developed than the others; in addition to general plans, sections and elevations, more detailed drawings are included for the layout of spaces, the elaboration of the facades, the configuration of the structure and even the designs for the specimen display cases. It is also worth noting that this album includes several plans outlining Rohault de Fleury's ideas for the overall development of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. In 1846, an album of prints of the Museo di fiscia e storia naturelle in Florence (DR1974:0002:005:001-018) was presented to Charles by the Grand Duke of Tuscany in response to his request for tracings of that building. These prints were probably used as reference material for the design of the new Galerie de zoologie described above. The portfolio of record drawings (ca. 1862) of the zoos in Antwerp, Brussels, Marseille and Amsterdam (DR1974:0002:018:001-027) is probably a dummy for a publication on zoological gardens as well as background documentation for the renovation and expansion of the zoo at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. Both drawings of the facilities for the animals and visitors and general plans of the zoological gardens are included. The Paris zoo project was apparently never undertaken. (1) These prints were reused in the "Oeuvre de C. Rohault de Fleury, architecte" (published 1884) (DR1974:0002:029:001-044). (2) Rohault de Fleury's greenhouses were destroyed in the Prussian bombardments of 1870. The greenhouses, which now stand in their place, are similar in layout and appearance to the original design, but their structural system is different. (3) John Hix, 'The Glass House' (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1981), p. 115. (4) Ibid., p. 115. (5) This error has been repeated by other authors including Henry-Russell Hitchcock, 'Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries' (Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin Books, 1968), p. 120. (6) Leonardo Benevolo, 'History of Modern Architecture' Volume 1: The tradition of modern architecture (Cambridge, Mass.: The M.I.T. Press, 1971), p. 22. (7) Sigfried Giedion, 'Space, Time and Architecture; the growth of a new tradition' (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1941), p. 181. (8) Barry Bergdoll, "Charles Rohault de Fleury: Part two: Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle and Studies on analogous Constructions in Europe", 'CCA Research Report", n.d., p. 1.
[1837-ca. 1862]
Muséum nationale d'histoire naturelle
CI001.S2.D5
Description:
Charles Rohault de Fleury was architect for the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle from 1833 to 1862. His work for the Muséum is represented in the CCA collection by a diverse group of prints and drawings. In addition to documenting his built and unbuilt projects, the inclusion of prints and drawings of museum and zoo buildings by other architects record, if only partially, the resources available to Charles in designing his buildings. This reference material provides insight into the influences on Charles' work as well as the nature of the design process itself. His built works, with the exception of the 1854 addition to the greenhouses, are illustrated in a book of prints with a brief accompanying text - "Muséum d'histoire naturelle: serres chaudes, galeries de minéralogie, etc. etc." (published 1837) (DR1974:0002:004:001; a second copy is held by the CCA library) (1). While prints are included for the Galerie de minéralogie et de géologie, the monkey house and the reservoirs, the majority of the prints are of the greenhouses (serres chaudes) begun 1833 (2). Known for their technological innovations in iron construction, these greenhouses utilized the first multi-storey load-bearing cast-iron façades for the central pavilions as well as space frame roof structures and prefabricated parts. This structural system is well documented in the prints in the CCA collection. The design was apparently inspired by the English greenhouses - a plate of which are included in the book - that Charles saw on a tour of England. The use of prestressed beams and curved roofs in the lateral wings attest to this influence. Charles' greenhouses, in turn, influenced the design of other greenhouses in Europe especially those at the Jardins Botanique in Liège and Ghent, Belgium (3). Although Joseph Paxton saw the greenhouses in 1833, it is unclear if they had an impact on the design of the Crystal Palace constructed 1850-1851 (4). The innovations of Charles' greenhouses continued to be acknowledged into the 20th century. Giedion in "Space, Time and Architecture", while erroneously attributing them to Rouhault (5)(6), refers to the greenhouses as "the prototype of all large iron-framed conservatories" (7). In addition to the greenhouses for the Muséum, the CCA collection includes three proposals (dated 1841) for a private greenhouse designed by Charles Rohault de Fleury (DR1974:0002:002:008 - DR1974:0002:002:013). The designs utilize the same curved roofs as the wings of the greenhouses at the Muséum combined with classically detailed stonework. An different aspect of Charles' work for the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle is represented in the album of unexecuted proposals -the only design drawings for the Muséum in the collection - for a Galerie de zoologie (DR1974:0002:024:001-079). Building on the typology of his earlier classical Galerie de minéralogie et de géologie (constructed 1833 -1841), the proposals, which date from between 1838 and 1862, illustrate a gradual enrichment of Charles' classical architectural vocabulary (8). They vary in their spatial configurations and façade treatments ranging from austere colonnaded designs with little ornament to more elaborate ones with richly encrusted facades, complex rooflines and more dramatic interior spaces characteristic of the Second Empire. The majority of the proposals consist of preliminary drawings illustrating the essential formal, spatial and ornamental aspects of the building. One proposal, dated January 1846, is substantially more developed than the others; in addition to general plans, sections and elevations, more detailed drawings are included for the layout of spaces, the elaboration of the facades, the configuration of the structure and even the designs for the specimen display cases. It is also worth noting that this album includes several plans outlining Rohault de Fleury's ideas for the overall development of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. In 1846, an album of prints of the Museo di fiscia e storia naturelle in Florence (DR1974:0002:005:001-018) was presented to Charles by the Grand Duke of Tuscany in response to his request for tracings of that building. These prints were probably used as reference material for the design of the new Galerie de zoologie described above. The portfolio of record drawings (ca. 1862) of the zoos in Antwerp, Brussels, Marseille and Amsterdam (DR1974:0002:018:001-027) is probably a dummy for a publication on zoological gardens as well as background documentation for the renovation and expansion of the zoo at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. Both drawings of the facilities for the animals and visitors and general plans of the zoological gardens are included. The Paris zoo project was apparently never undertaken. (1) These prints were reused in the "Oeuvre de C. Rohault de Fleury, architecte" (published 1884) (DR1974:0002:029:001-044). (2) Rohault de Fleury's greenhouses were destroyed in the Prussian bombardments of 1870. The greenhouses, which now stand in their place, are similar in layout and appearance to the original design, but their structural system is different. (3) John Hix, 'The Glass House' (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1981), p. 115. (4) Ibid., p. 115. (5) This error has been repeated by other authors including Henry-Russell Hitchcock, 'Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries' (Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin Books, 1968), p. 120. (6) Leonardo Benevolo, 'History of Modern Architecture' Volume 1: The tradition of modern architecture (Cambridge, Mass.: The M.I.T. Press, 1971), p. 22. (7) Sigfried Giedion, 'Space, Time and Architecture; the growth of a new tradition' (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1941), p. 181. (8) Barry Bergdoll, "Charles Rohault de Fleury: Part two: Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle and Studies on analogous Constructions in Europe", 'CCA Research Report", n.d., p. 1.
File 5
[1837-ca. 1862]