24940 Résultats
Classification:
photographies
photographies
Actions:
Numéro de référence:
PH1980:1141
Description:
Two horse-drawn carriages for transporting students are parked in front of the building and adults and children are standing, alone or in groups, on the premises. Photograph taken while Lewis Wickes Hine was working for the National Child Labor Committee. Caption from NCLC caption card: "Woodburn School (consolidated). See Kentucky report".
PH1980:1141
Description:
Two horse-drawn carriages for transporting students are parked in front of the building and adults and children are standing, alone or in groups, on the premises. Photograph taken while Lewis Wickes Hine was working for the National Child Labor Committee. Caption from NCLC caption card: "Woodburn School (consolidated). See Kentucky report".
Personnes et institutions:
Date:
October 1916
October 1916
Titre:
View of Woodburn Consolidated School, Warren County, Kentucky, United States
Actions:
PH1980:1141
Description:
Two horse-drawn carriages for transporting students are parked in front of the building and adults and children are standing, alone or in groups, on the premises. Photograph taken while Lewis Wickes Hine was working for the National Child Labor Committee. Caption from NCLC caption card: "Woodburn School (consolidated). See Kentucky report".
View of Woodburn Consolidated School, Warren County, Kentucky, United States
Actions:
PH1980:1141
Description:
Two horse-drawn carriages for transporting students are parked in front of the building and adults and children are standing, alone or in groups, on the premises. Photograph taken while Lewis Wickes Hine was working for the National Child Labor Committee. Caption from NCLC caption card: "Woodburn School (consolidated). See Kentucky report".
Classification:
photographies
photographies
Date:
October 1916
October 1916
Personnes et institutions:
Classification:
photographies
photographies
Actions:
Numéro de référence:
PH1984:0311
Description:
- This composite photograph is a view of China Basin harbour showing Mission Rock public launching ramp in the foreground, with Pier 52 from centre left to centre right, Pier 54 at upper right, and Mission Rock Terminal (also known as Pier 50) in the background from centre left to centre.
PH1984:0311
Description:
- This composite photograph is a view of China Basin harbour showing Mission Rock public launching ramp in the foreground, with Pier 52 from centre left to centre right, Pier 54 at upper right, and Mission Rock Terminal (also known as Pier 50) in the background from centre left to centre.
Personnes et institutions:
Sujet:
architecture, ingénierie, militaire
architecture, ingénierie, militaire
Date:
1982 or 1983
1982 or 1983
Titre:
Panoramic composite photograph of China Basin harbour showing piers, docks and ships, with Mission Rock Terminal (also known as Pier 50) in the background, San Francisco, United States
Actions:
PH1984:0311
Description:
- This composite photograph is a view of China Basin harbour showing Mission Rock public launching ramp in the foreground, with Pier 52 from centre left to centre right, Pier 54 at upper right, and Mission Rock Terminal (also known as Pier 50) in the background from centre left to centre.
Panoramic composite photograph of China Basin harbour showing piers, docks and ships, with Mission Rock Terminal (also known as Pier 50) in the background, San Francisco, United States
Actions:
PH1984:0311
Description:
- This composite photograph is a view of China Basin harbour showing Mission Rock public launching ramp in the foreground, with Pier 52 from centre left to centre right, Pier 54 at upper right, and Mission Rock Terminal (also known as Pier 50) in the background from centre left to centre.
Classification:
photographies
photographies
Date:
1982 or 1983
1982 or 1983
Personnes et institutions:
Sujet:
architecture, ingénierie, militaire
architecture, ingénierie, militaire
Classification:
photographies
photographies
Numéro de référence:
PH1998:0064:001-027
Description:
Volume consists of 27 black-and-white photographic prints of details of some seedier neighborhoods of Berlin and its environs. The photographs were made over the course of three days in 1987. The dust jacket is from a German newspaper, stamped L A M F in red ink and enclosed in an acetate dustwrapper. The half title page is hand lettered by the photographer on a scrap of paper tipped to the first preliminary, and there is a unique, sealed hand-written letter from Gossage posted from Berlin to himself in Washington, DC affixed to the third preliminary.
PH1998:0064:001-027
Description:
Volume consists of 27 black-and-white photographic prints of details of some seedier neighborhoods of Berlin and its environs. The photographs were made over the course of three days in 1987. The dust jacket is from a German newspaper, stamped L A M F in red ink and enclosed in an acetate dustwrapper. The half title page is hand lettered by the photographer on a scrap of paper tipped to the first preliminary, and there is a unique, sealed hand-written letter from Gossage posted from Berlin to himself in Washington, DC affixed to the third preliminary.
Personnes et institutions:
Date:
1987
1987
Titre:
LAMF (Like A Mother Fucker): 3 Days in Berlin 1987
Actions:
PH1998:0064:001-027
Description:
Volume consists of 27 black-and-white photographic prints of details of some seedier neighborhoods of Berlin and its environs. The photographs were made over the course of three days in 1987. The dust jacket is from a German newspaper, stamped L A M F in red ink and enclosed in an acetate dustwrapper. The half title page is hand lettered by the photographer on a scrap of paper tipped to the first preliminary, and there is a unique, sealed hand-written letter from Gossage posted from Berlin to himself in Washington, DC affixed to the third preliminary.
LAMF (Like A Mother Fucker): 3 Days in Berlin 1987
Actions:
PH1998:0064:001-027
Description:
Volume consists of 27 black-and-white photographic prints of details of some seedier neighborhoods of Berlin and its environs. The photographs were made over the course of three days in 1987. The dust jacket is from a German newspaper, stamped L A M F in red ink and enclosed in an acetate dustwrapper. The half title page is hand lettered by the photographer on a scrap of paper tipped to the first preliminary, and there is a unique, sealed hand-written letter from Gossage posted from Berlin to himself in Washington, DC affixed to the third preliminary.
Classification:
photographies
photographies
Date:
1987
1987
Personnes et institutions:
Classification:
photographies
Quantité:
10 photograph(s)
photographies
Quantité:
10 photograph(s)
Titre:
Photographs of Chandigarh
Photographs of Chandigarh
Numéro de référence:
ARCH269672
Description:
Group consists of photographs predominantly of Chandigarh, India, including: - Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret and Parmeshwari Lal Varma discussing in front of the Chandigarh general layout model - Model of an unidentified building - Wheel of a cart - Detail of the mural by Le Corbusier at the Assembly in the Capitol Complex - The Assembly and the Secretariat reflecting on the water in the Capitol Complex - Man smoking hooka in a shop below stairs in Shimla, India - Chandigarh site plan model - Le Corbusier with a Bhakra Dam model (2 photographs) - Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret at the Bhakra Dam
ARCH269672
Description:
Group consists of photographs predominantly of Chandigarh, India, including: - Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret and Parmeshwari Lal Varma discussing in front of the Chandigarh general layout model - Model of an unidentified building - Wheel of a cart - Detail of the mural by Le Corbusier at the Assembly in the Capitol Complex - The Assembly and the Secretariat reflecting on the water in the Capitol Complex - Man smoking hooka in a shop below stairs in Shimla, India - Chandigarh site plan model - Le Corbusier with a Bhakra Dam model (2 photographs) - Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret at the Bhakra Dam
Personnes et institutions:
Date:
between 1951 and 1965
between 1951 and 1965
Titre:
Photographs of Chandigarh
Actions:
ARCH269672
Description:
Group consists of photographs predominantly of Chandigarh, India, including: - Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret and Parmeshwari Lal Varma discussing in front of the Chandigarh general layout model - Model of an unidentified building - Wheel of a cart - Detail of the mural by Le Corbusier at the Assembly in the Capitol Complex - The Assembly and the Secretariat reflecting on the water in the Capitol Complex - Man smoking hooka in a shop below stairs in Shimla, India - Chandigarh site plan model - Le Corbusier with a Bhakra Dam model (2 photographs) - Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret at the Bhakra Dam
Photographs of Chandigarh
Actions:
ARCH269672
Description:
Group consists of photographs predominantly of Chandigarh, India, including: - Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret and Parmeshwari Lal Varma discussing in front of the Chandigarh general layout model - Model of an unidentified building - Wheel of a cart - Detail of the mural by Le Corbusier at the Assembly in the Capitol Complex - The Assembly and the Secretariat reflecting on the water in the Capitol Complex - Man smoking hooka in a shop below stairs in Shimla, India - Chandigarh site plan model - Le Corbusier with a Bhakra Dam model (2 photographs) - Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret at the Bhakra Dam
Classification:
photographies
Quantité:
10 photograph(s)
photographies
Quantité:
10 photograph(s)
Date:
between 1951 and 1965
between 1951 and 1965
Personnes et institutions:
Classification:
photographies
Quantité:
10 photograph(s)
photographies
Quantité:
10 photograph(s)
Titre:
Photographs of Chandigarh
Photographs of Chandigarh
Numéro de référence:
ARCH269675
Description:
Group consists of photographs of Chandigarh, India, including: - Circuit House in sector 6 - Post Graduate Institute for Medical Research in sector 12 - Water storage in sector 19 - Exterior stair of an House Type-4J in sector 5 - House Type-4J in sector 5 - Unidentified Higher Secondary school in sector 20 (2 photographs) - A woman and a child sitting in front of an unidentified house - People bathing in a pool in front a an unidentified building in construction - Young girls playing in front of the Carmel Convent School in sector 5
ARCH269675
Description:
Group consists of photographs of Chandigarh, India, including: - Circuit House in sector 6 - Post Graduate Institute for Medical Research in sector 12 - Water storage in sector 19 - Exterior stair of an House Type-4J in sector 5 - House Type-4J in sector 5 - Unidentified Higher Secondary school in sector 20 (2 photographs) - A woman and a child sitting in front of an unidentified house - People bathing in a pool in front a an unidentified building in construction - Young girls playing in front of the Carmel Convent School in sector 5
Personnes et institutions:
Date:
between 1951 and 1965
between 1951 and 1965
Titre:
Photographs of Chandigarh
Actions:
ARCH269675
Description:
Group consists of photographs of Chandigarh, India, including: - Circuit House in sector 6 - Post Graduate Institute for Medical Research in sector 12 - Water storage in sector 19 - Exterior stair of an House Type-4J in sector 5 - House Type-4J in sector 5 - Unidentified Higher Secondary school in sector 20 (2 photographs) - A woman and a child sitting in front of an unidentified house - People bathing in a pool in front a an unidentified building in construction - Young girls playing in front of the Carmel Convent School in sector 5
Photographs of Chandigarh
Actions:
ARCH269675
Description:
Group consists of photographs of Chandigarh, India, including: - Circuit House in sector 6 - Post Graduate Institute for Medical Research in sector 12 - Water storage in sector 19 - Exterior stair of an House Type-4J in sector 5 - House Type-4J in sector 5 - Unidentified Higher Secondary school in sector 20 (2 photographs) - A woman and a child sitting in front of an unidentified house - People bathing in a pool in front a an unidentified building in construction - Young girls playing in front of the Carmel Convent School in sector 5
Classification:
photographies
Quantité:
10 photograph(s)
photographies
Quantité:
10 photograph(s)
Date:
between 1951 and 1965
between 1951 and 1965
Personnes et institutions:
Classification:
livres, photographies
livres, photographies
Titre:
World Pictures in Capitals
World Pictures in Capitals
Actions:
Numéro de référence:
PH1988:0453:001-040
Description:
- Contemporary binding consists of purple, embossed cloth-covered boards and spine. There are gold gilt inscriptions on the front and back covers of the book. Endpapers are of brown paper. Pages are of brownish white paper. Secondary supports are of brownish white cardboard and are covered with tracing paper. Pages and secondary supports have gold gilt edging. The book is comprised of a title page, 21 pages of text and 40 photographs. Photographs are mounted 5 to a secondary support and are framed by a yellowish brown boarder and lines.
PH1988:0453:001-040
Description:
- Contemporary binding consists of purple, embossed cloth-covered boards and spine. There are gold gilt inscriptions on the front and back covers of the book. Endpapers are of brown paper. Pages are of brownish white paper. Secondary supports are of brownish white cardboard and are covered with tracing paper. Pages and secondary supports have gold gilt edging. The book is comprised of a title page, 21 pages of text and 40 photographs. Photographs are mounted 5 to a secondary support and are framed by a yellowish brown boarder and lines.
Personnes et institutions:
Sujet:
architecture, sculpture
architecture, sculpture
Date:
published 1869
published 1869
Titre:
World Pictures in Capitals
Actions:
PH1988:0453:001-040
Description:
- Contemporary binding consists of purple, embossed cloth-covered boards and spine. There are gold gilt inscriptions on the front and back covers of the book. Endpapers are of brown paper. Pages are of brownish white paper. Secondary supports are of brownish white cardboard and are covered with tracing paper. Pages and secondary supports have gold gilt edging. The book is comprised of a title page, 21 pages of text and 40 photographs. Photographs are mounted 5 to a secondary support and are framed by a yellowish brown boarder and lines.
World Pictures in Capitals
Actions:
PH1988:0453:001-040
Description:
- Contemporary binding consists of purple, embossed cloth-covered boards and spine. There are gold gilt inscriptions on the front and back covers of the book. Endpapers are of brown paper. Pages are of brownish white paper. Secondary supports are of brownish white cardboard and are covered with tracing paper. Pages and secondary supports have gold gilt edging. The book is comprised of a title page, 21 pages of text and 40 photographs. Photographs are mounted 5 to a secondary support and are framed by a yellowish brown boarder and lines.
Classification:
livres, photographies
livres, photographies
Date:
published 1869
published 1869
Personnes et institutions:
Sujet:
architecture, sculpture
architecture, sculpture
Numéro de référence:
PHCON2002:0016:007
Description:
Binder documents the years 1980-1989 and consists of correspondence with Jane Crawford concerning the sale and exhibition of Gordon Matta-Clark's work and the efforts made to save the project Office Baroque (1977) in Antwerp, Belguim. Also included are reviews of exhibitions, catalogues, periodicals, photographs and color slides. Extensive documentation on the exhibition "Gordon Matta-Clark: A Retrospective" organized by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Illinois, which opened in 1985 and travelled to fourteen venues, is included, along with more limited documentation on smaller exhibitions. Binder contains photographs, slides, textual records and transparencies.
PHCON2002:0016:007
Description:
Binder documents the years 1980-1989 and consists of correspondence with Jane Crawford concerning the sale and exhibition of Gordon Matta-Clark's work and the efforts made to save the project Office Baroque (1977) in Antwerp, Belguim. Also included are reviews of exhibitions, catalogues, periodicals, photographs and color slides. Extensive documentation on the exhibition "Gordon Matta-Clark: A Retrospective" organized by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Illinois, which opened in 1985 and travelled to fourteen venues, is included, along with more limited documentation on smaller exhibitions. Binder contains photographs, slides, textual records and transparencies.
Personnes et institutions:
Date:
1981-1989
1981-1989
Titre:
Reviews, Announcements, Catalogues 1981-89
Actions:
PHCON2002:0016:007
Description:
Binder documents the years 1980-1989 and consists of correspondence with Jane Crawford concerning the sale and exhibition of Gordon Matta-Clark's work and the efforts made to save the project Office Baroque (1977) in Antwerp, Belguim. Also included are reviews of exhibitions, catalogues, periodicals, photographs and color slides. Extensive documentation on the exhibition "Gordon Matta-Clark: A Retrospective" organized by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Illinois, which opened in 1985 and travelled to fourteen venues, is included, along with more limited documentation on smaller exhibitions. Binder contains photographs, slides, textual records and transparencies.
Reviews, Announcements, Catalogues 1981-89
Actions:
PHCON2002:0016:007
Description:
Binder documents the years 1980-1989 and consists of correspondence with Jane Crawford concerning the sale and exhibition of Gordon Matta-Clark's work and the efforts made to save the project Office Baroque (1977) in Antwerp, Belguim. Also included are reviews of exhibitions, catalogues, periodicals, photographs and color slides. Extensive documentation on the exhibition "Gordon Matta-Clark: A Retrospective" organized by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Illinois, which opened in 1985 and travelled to fourteen venues, is included, along with more limited documentation on smaller exhibitions. Binder contains photographs, slides, textual records and transparencies.
Date:
1981-1989
1981-1989
Personnes et institutions:
Numéro de référence:
PHCON2002:0016:017
Description:
Binder documents correspondence between Anne Alpert's family members during the 1960s and 1970s. Gordon Matta-Clark's letters to his mother during his years as a student at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York and his years as an artist/architect are among those included, as well as letters from his twin brother John Sebastian Matta to various family members. Letters from Roberto Matta and his wife, Malitte Matta, are also found in the binder, along with personal letters addressed to Anne Alpert, miscellaneous memorabilia, and family photographs. Binder contains photographs and textual records.
PHCON2002:0016:017
Description:
Binder documents correspondence between Anne Alpert's family members during the 1960s and 1970s. Gordon Matta-Clark's letters to his mother during his years as a student at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York and his years as an artist/architect are among those included, as well as letters from his twin brother John Sebastian Matta to various family members. Letters from Roberto Matta and his wife, Malitte Matta, are also found in the binder, along with personal letters addressed to Anne Alpert, miscellaneous memorabilia, and family photographs. Binder contains photographs and textual records.
Personnes et institutions:
Date:
1964-1976
1964-1976
Titre:
Gordon Matta-Clark Mother's papers: Family Letters 1964 to 1976
Actions:
PHCON2002:0016:017
Description:
Binder documents correspondence between Anne Alpert's family members during the 1960s and 1970s. Gordon Matta-Clark's letters to his mother during his years as a student at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York and his years as an artist/architect are among those included, as well as letters from his twin brother John Sebastian Matta to various family members. Letters from Roberto Matta and his wife, Malitte Matta, are also found in the binder, along with personal letters addressed to Anne Alpert, miscellaneous memorabilia, and family photographs. Binder contains photographs and textual records.
Gordon Matta-Clark Mother's papers: Family Letters 1964 to 1976
Actions:
PHCON2002:0016:017
Description:
Binder documents correspondence between Anne Alpert's family members during the 1960s and 1970s. Gordon Matta-Clark's letters to his mother during his years as a student at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York and his years as an artist/architect are among those included, as well as letters from his twin brother John Sebastian Matta to various family members. Letters from Roberto Matta and his wife, Malitte Matta, are also found in the binder, along with personal letters addressed to Anne Alpert, miscellaneous memorabilia, and family photographs. Binder contains photographs and textual records.
Date:
1964-1976
1964-1976
Personnes et institutions:
Classification:
photographies
photographies
Titre:
Bibliothèque Nationale Paris
Bibliothèque Nationale Paris
Actions:
Numéro de référence:
PH1986:0900.12
Description:
Album PH1986:0900.12 comprises 136 photographs and 34 prints of the Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris, altered by Michel Roux-Spitz. Photographs show exterior views of the building, including the inner court and garden, and interior views, including the reading rooms, hallways, staircases, galleries, shelves, painted ceilings, bas-reliefs, ironwork doors, basements, utility room, and workshop. 2 of the prints (PH1986:0900.12:124 and PH1986:0900.12:125), which show plans, elevations and cross sections, have prints in red ink attached showing plans of the building prior to the architect's interventions.
PH1986:0900.12
Description:
Album PH1986:0900.12 comprises 136 photographs and 34 prints of the Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris, altered by Michel Roux-Spitz. Photographs show exterior views of the building, including the inner court and garden, and interior views, including the reading rooms, hallways, staircases, galleries, shelves, painted ceilings, bas-reliefs, ironwork doors, basements, utility room, and workshop. 2 of the prints (PH1986:0900.12:124 and PH1986:0900.12:125), which show plans, elevations and cross sections, have prints in red ink attached showing plans of the building prior to the architect's interventions.
Personnes et institutions:
Sujet:
architecture, design d'intérieur, ornement, peinture, sculpture
architecture, design d'intérieur, ornement, peinture, sculpture
Date:
1932-1934?
1932-1934?
Titre:
Bibliothèque Nationale Paris
Actions:
PH1986:0900.12
Description:
Album PH1986:0900.12 comprises 136 photographs and 34 prints of the Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris, altered by Michel Roux-Spitz. Photographs show exterior views of the building, including the inner court and garden, and interior views, including the reading rooms, hallways, staircases, galleries, shelves, painted ceilings, bas-reliefs, ironwork doors, basements, utility room, and workshop. 2 of the prints (PH1986:0900.12:124 and PH1986:0900.12:125), which show plans, elevations and cross sections, have prints in red ink attached showing plans of the building prior to the architect's interventions.
Bibliothèque Nationale Paris
Actions:
PH1986:0900.12
Description:
Album PH1986:0900.12 comprises 136 photographs and 34 prints of the Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris, altered by Michel Roux-Spitz. Photographs show exterior views of the building, including the inner court and garden, and interior views, including the reading rooms, hallways, staircases, galleries, shelves, painted ceilings, bas-reliefs, ironwork doors, basements, utility room, and workshop. 2 of the prints (PH1986:0900.12:124 and PH1986:0900.12:125), which show plans, elevations and cross sections, have prints in red ink attached showing plans of the building prior to the architect's interventions.
Classification:
photographies
photographies
Date:
1932-1934?
1932-1934?
Personnes et institutions:
Sujet:
architecture, design d'intérieur, ornement, peinture, sculpture
architecture, design d'intérieur, ornement, peinture, sculpture
Classification:
archives
Niveau de description archivistique:
Fonds
archives
Niveau de description archivistique:
Fonds
Numéro de référence:
AP192
Résumé:
The Morphosis Hypo Alpe-Adria Center project records, 1996 – 2016, consist of over 14,000 born-digital files that document the design and construction of the Austrian Hypo Alpe-Adria Bank group’s headquarters in Klagenfurt, Austria. Series 1, Competition and design, includes files showing early conceptualization of the project through the final design documentation. Series 2, Construction documentation, largely contains drawings and photographs which demonstrate the progress of the project in the built environment over time. Formats chiefly include CAD files (PowerCAD, PowerDraw, Microstation, DXF, AutoCAD, PLT), 3D models (Form*Z, STL), images, and text.
AP192
Résumé:
The Morphosis Hypo Alpe-Adria Center project records, 1996 – 2016, consist of over 14,000 born-digital files that document the design and construction of the Austrian Hypo Alpe-Adria Bank group’s headquarters in Klagenfurt, Austria. Series 1, Competition and design, includes files showing early conceptualization of the project through the final design documentation. Series 2, Construction documentation, largely contains drawings and photographs which demonstrate the progress of the project in the built environment over time. Formats chiefly include CAD files (PowerCAD, PowerDraw, Microstation, DXF, AutoCAD, PLT), 3D models (Form*Z, STL), images, and text.
Personnes et institutions:
Date:
1996 - 2016
1996 - 2016
Titre:
Documents d’archives de Morphosis pour le projet Centre Hypo Alpe-Adria
Actions:
AP192
Résumé:
The Morphosis Hypo Alpe-Adria Center project records, 1996 – 2016, consist of over 14,000 born-digital files that document the design and construction of the Austrian Hypo Alpe-Adria Bank group’s headquarters in Klagenfurt, Austria. Series 1, Competition and design, includes files showing early conceptualization of the project through the final design documentation. Series 2, Construction documentation, largely contains drawings and photographs which demonstrate the progress of the project in the built environment over time. Formats chiefly include CAD files (PowerCAD, PowerDraw, Microstation, DXF, AutoCAD, PLT), 3D models (Form*Z, STL), images, and text.
Documents d’archives de Morphosis pour le projet Centre Hypo Alpe-Adria
Actions:
AP192
Résumé:
The Morphosis Hypo Alpe-Adria Center project records, 1996 – 2016, consist of over 14,000 born-digital files that document the design and construction of the Austrian Hypo Alpe-Adria Bank group’s headquarters in Klagenfurt, Austria. Series 1, Competition and design, includes files showing early conceptualization of the project through the final design documentation. Series 2, Construction documentation, largely contains drawings and photographs which demonstrate the progress of the project in the built environment over time. Formats chiefly include CAD files (PowerCAD, PowerDraw, Microstation, DXF, AutoCAD, PLT), 3D models (Form*Z, STL), images, and text.
Classification:
archives
Niveau de description archivistique:
Fonds
archives
Niveau de description archivistique:
Fonds
Date:
1996 - 2016
1996 - 2016
Personnes et institutions:
