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For almost seven years after World War II, a small group of architects took on an exciting task: to imagine the spaces of global governance for a new political organization called the United Nations (UN). To create the iconic headquarters of the UN in New York City, these architects experimented with room layouts, media technologies, and design in tribunal courtrooms,(...)
Assembly by design: The United Nations and its global interior
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For almost seven years after World War II, a small group of architects took on an exciting task: to imagine the spaces of global governance for a new political organization called the United Nations (UN). To create the iconic headquarters of the UN in New York City, these architects experimented with room layouts, media technologies, and design in tribunal courtrooms, assembly halls, and council chambers. The result was the creation of a new type of public space, the global interior. "Assembly by design" shows how this space leveraged media to help the UN communicate with the world. With its media infrastructure, symbols, acoustic design, and architecture, the global interior defined political assembly both inside and outside the UN headquarters, serving as the architectural medium to organize multilateral encounters of international publics around the globe. Demonstrating how aesthetics have long held sway over political work, Olga Touloumi posits that the building framed diplomacy on the ground amid a changing political landscape that brought the United States to the forefront of international politics, destabilizing old and establishing new geopolitical alliances.
Théorie de l’architecture
Programmed inequality: how Britain discarded women technologists and lost its edge in computing
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In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinct. What happened in the intervening thirty years holds lessons for all postindustrial superpowers. As Britain struggled to use technology to retain its global power, the nation’s inability to manage its technical labor force hobbled its transition into the(...)
Programmed inequality: how Britain discarded women technologists and lost its edge in computing
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In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinct. What happened in the intervening thirty years holds lessons for all postindustrial superpowers. As Britain struggled to use technology to retain its global power, the nation’s inability to manage its technical labor force hobbled its transition into the information age. In "Programmed inequality", Marie Hicks explores the story of labor feminization and gendered technocracy that undercut British efforts to computerize. That failure sprang from the government’s systematic neglect of its largest trained technical workforce simply because they were women. Women were a hidden engine of growth in high technology from World War II to the 1960s. As computing experienced a gender flip, becoming male-identified in the 1960s and 1970s, labor problems grew into structural ones and gender discrimination caused the nation’s largest computer user—the civil service and sprawling public sector—to make decisions that were disastrous for the British computer industry and the nation as a whole.
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Victor Gruen became renowned in 1950s America as the "pioneer of the shopping center", then by his urban redevelopment projects as the "savior of the downtowns", and by the mid-1960s as the "architect of the environment". "From Urban Shop to New City" focuses on Gruen's theories and projects, especially with respect to the terms that he set for himself : the return of(...)
Victor Gruen: from urban shop to new city
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Victor Gruen became renowned in 1950s America as the "pioneer of the shopping center", then by his urban redevelopment projects as the "savior of the downtowns", and by the mid-1960s as the "architect of the environment". "From Urban Shop to New City" focuses on Gruen's theories and projects, especially with respect to the terms that he set for himself : the return of the city centre and urban public space as a focus of social and cultural life. The context for his vision, however, was the "triumph" of the suburbs and the collapses of American downtown. Gruen's successes and failures engaged or prefigured every important commercial retail, development, and planning trend since World War II ; thus his work is a crucial vehicule for understanding the transformation of American city-scape and landscape, and is a starting point for asking the question : what kind of city do we want?
Théorie de l’urbanisme
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In a sweeping journey through time, bestselling author Florian Illies tells the story of Caspar David Friedrich’s paintings and their impact on subsequent generations. Many of his most beautiful paintings were burned, first in his birthplace and then in World War II; others, like the Chalk Cliffs on Rügen, emerge from the mists of history a hundred years after(...)
The magic of silence: Caspar David Friedrich's journey through time
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In a sweeping journey through time, bestselling author Florian Illies tells the story of Caspar David Friedrich’s paintings and their impact on subsequent generations. Many of his most beautiful paintings were burned, first in his birthplace and then in World War II; others, like the Chalk Cliffs on Rügen, emerge from the mists of history a hundred years after Friedrich's death. Illies recounts the story of how Friedrich's paintings ended up at the Russian czar's court, others among a pile of winter tires in a Mafia car repair shop, and others still in the kitchen of a German social housing apartment. Adored by Hitler and Rainer Maria Rilke, despised by Stalin and by the generation of 68, this compelling narrative dances through 250 years of history as seen through Friedrich’s art and life. As a result, the man himself becomes flesh and blood before our very eyes.
Théorie de l’art
Theory of seeing
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The first English translation of a radical and influential theory of art by a leader of Poland’s avant-garde After World War II, socialist realism became the official state doctrine of art in Poland, with abstract works deemed counterrevolutionary and forbidden from public view. Wladyslaw Strzeminski, a leader of the Polish constructivist avant-garde, developed a treatise(...)
Theory of seeing
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The first English translation of a radical and influential theory of art by a leader of Poland’s avant-garde After World War II, socialist realism became the official state doctrine of art in Poland, with abstract works deemed counterrevolutionary and forbidden from public view. Wladyslaw Strzeminski, a leader of the Polish constructivist avant-garde, developed a treatise of visual consciousness as a foundation for progressive art, emphasizing art’s autonomy. His application of Marxist aesthetics to the physiology of seeing is expressed in Theory of Seeing, which was published posthumously in 1958 by his students from notes collected from his lectures. Preceding the comparable perspectives developed by Jacques Rancière, David Hockney, and John Berger, and even the cinema of Jean-Luc Godard, Strzeminski’s "Theory of seeing" introduces the radical and groundbreaking ideas of one of Poland’s most important artists to English-speaking audiences for the first time.
Théorie de l’art
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The project “Half Houses”, started in 2016 from an aesthetic puzzle (does the house lack the second half?). This project was rethought, and gradually shrouded in contexts and new layers. The compositional feeling of scarcity looking at the empty space next to the half-timbered houses of Vilijampole is a suggestive response to the loss experienced by this place, the lost(...)
Inga Navickaité-Drasuté: Pusiniai namai / Half Houses
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The project “Half Houses”, started in 2016 from an aesthetic puzzle (does the house lack the second half?). This project was rethought, and gradually shrouded in contexts and new layers. The compositional feeling of scarcity looking at the empty space next to the half-timbered houses of Vilijampole is a suggestive response to the loss experienced by this place, the lost side of the history of this city. In any case, both the houses and their residents do not forget what has been lost – it can be heard even in a short conversation, during a break between farm work. Already in the early 18th century, most inhabitants of the town of Vilijampole were Jewish. During World War II, the Vilijampole Jewish ghetto was established, which was turned into a concentration camp on 15 September 1943. Out of 37,000 Kaunas Jews, less than 3,000 survived the Holocaust.
Monographies photo
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Since the end of World War II, Jewish architects have risen to unprecedented international prominence. Whether as modernists, postmodernists, or deconstructivists, architects such as Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry, Louis I. Kahn, Daniel Libeskind, Richard Meier, Moshe Safdie, Robert A.M. Stern, and Stanley Tigerman have made pivotal contributions to postwar architecture.(...)
Building after Auschwitz: Jewish architecture and the memory of the Holocaust
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Since the end of World War II, Jewish architects have risen to unprecedented international prominence. Whether as modernists, postmodernists, or deconstructivists, architects such as Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry, Louis I. Kahn, Daniel Libeskind, Richard Meier, Moshe Safdie, Robert A.M. Stern, and Stanley Tigerman have made pivotal contributions to postwar architecture. They have also decisively shaped Jewish architectural history, as many of their designs are influenced by Jewish themes, ideas, and imagery. Building After Auschwitz is the first major study to examine the origins of this new Jewish architecture. Historian Gavriel D. Rosenfeld describes this cultural development as the result of important shifts in Jewish memory and identity since the Holocaust, and cites the rise of postmodernism, multiculturalism, and Holocaust consciousness as a catalyst. In showing how Jewish architects responded to the Nazi genocide in their work, Rosenfeld's study sheds new light on the evolution of Holocaust memory.
Théorie de l’architecture
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After World War II, America’s religious denominations spent billions on church architecture as they spread into the suburbs. In this illustrated history of midcentury modern churches in the Midwest, Gretchen Buggeln shows how architects and suburban congregations joined forces to work out a vision of how modernist churches might help reinvigorate Protestant worship and(...)
The suburban church: modernism and community in postwar America
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After World War II, America’s religious denominations spent billions on church architecture as they spread into the suburbs. In this illustrated history of midcentury modern churches in the Midwest, Gretchen Buggeln shows how architects and suburban congregations joined forces to work out a vision of how modernist churches might help reinvigorate Protestant worship and community. The result offers a new perspective on postwar architecture, religion, and society. Drawing on the architectural record, church archives, and oral histories, The Suburban Church focuses on collaborations between architects Edward D. Dart, Edward A. Sövik, Charles E. Stade, and seventy-five congregations. By telling the stories behind their modernist churches, the book describes how the buildings both reflected and shaped developments in postwar religion—its ecumenism, optimism, and liturgical innovation, as well as its fears about staying relevant during a time of vast cultural, social, and demographic change.
Théorie de l’architecture
The lost subways of North America: A Cartographic guide to the past, present, what might have been
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Every driver in North America shares one miserable, soul-sucking universal experience—being stuck in traffic. But things weren’t always like this. Why is it that the mass transit systems of most cities in the United States and Canada are now utterly inadequate? ''The lost subways of North America'' offers a new way to consider this eternal question, with a strikingly(...)
The lost subways of North America: A Cartographic guide to the past, present, what might have been
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Every driver in North America shares one miserable, soul-sucking universal experience—being stuck in traffic. But things weren’t always like this. Why is it that the mass transit systems of most cities in the United States and Canada are now utterly inadequate? ''The lost subways of North America'' offers a new way to consider this eternal question, with a strikingly visual—and fun—journey through past, present, and unbuilt urban transit. Using meticulous archival research, cartographer and artist Jake Berman has successfully plotted maps of old train networks covering twenty-three North American metropolises, ranging from New York City’s Civil War–era plan for a steam-powered subway under Fifth Avenue to the ultramodern automated Vancouver SkyTrain and the thousand-mile electric railway system of pre–World War II Los Angeles. He takes us through colorful maps of old, often forgotten streetcar lines, lost ideas for never-built transit, and modern rail systems—drawing us into the captivating transit histories of US and Canadian cities. Berman combines vintage styling with modern printing technology to create a sweeping visual history of North American public transit and urban development. With more than one hundred original maps, accompanied by essays on each city’s urban development, this book presents a fascinating look at North American rapid transit systems.
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Many societies have imagined going to live in space. What they want to do once they get up there—whether conquering the unknown, establishing space ''colonies,'' privatising the moon’s resources—reveals more than expected. In this fascinating radical history of space exploration, Fred Scharmen shows that often science and fiction have combined in the imagined dreams of(...)
Space forces: a critical history of life in outer space
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Many societies have imagined going to live in space. What they want to do once they get up there—whether conquering the unknown, establishing space ''colonies,'' privatising the moon’s resources—reveals more than expected. In this fascinating radical history of space exploration, Fred Scharmen shows that often science and fiction have combined in the imagined dreams of life in outer space, but these visions have real implications for life back on earth. For the Russian Cosmists of the 1890s space was a place to pursue human perfection away from the Earth. For others, such as Wernher Von Braun, it was an engineering task that combined, in the Space Race, the Cold War, and during World War II, with destructive geopolitics. Arthur C. Clarke, in his speculative books, offered an alternative vision of wonder that is indifferent to human interaction. Meanwhile NASA planned and managed the space station like an earthbound corporation. Today, the market has arrived into outer space and exploration is the plaything of superrich technology billionaires, who plan to privatise the mineral wealth for themselves. Are other worlds really possible? Bringing these figures and ideas together reveals a completely different story of our relationship with outer space, as well as the dangers of our current direction of extractive capitalism and colonisation.
Théorie de l’architecture