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In the mid-nineteenth century, Napoleon III and his prefect, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, adapted Paris to the requirements of industrial capitalism, endowing the old city with elegant boulevards, an enhanced water supply, modern sewers, and public greenery. Esther da Costa Meyer provides a major reassessment of this ambitious project, which resulted in widespread(...)
Dividing Paris: Urban renewal and social inequality 1852-1870
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In the mid-nineteenth century, Napoleon III and his prefect, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, adapted Paris to the requirements of industrial capitalism, endowing the old city with elegant boulevards, an enhanced water supply, modern sewers, and public greenery. Esther da Costa Meyer provides a major reassessment of this ambitious project, which resulted in widespread destruction in the historic center, displacing thousands of poor residents and polarizing the urban fabric. Drawing on newspapers, memoirs, and other archival materials, da Costa Meyer explores how people from different social strata?both women and men?experienced the urban reforms implemented by the Second Empire. As hundreds of tenements were destroyed to make way for upscale apartment buildings, thousands of impoverished residents were forced to the periphery, which lacked the services enjoyed by wealthier parts of the city. Challenging the idea of Paris as the capital of modernity, da Costa Meyer shows how the city was the hub of a sprawling colonial empire extending from the Caribbean to Asia, and exposes the underlying violence that enriched it at the expense of overseas territories. This book brings to light the contributions of those who actually built and maintained the impressive infrastructure of Paris, and reveals the consequences of colonial practices for the city's cultural, economic, and political life.
Théorie de l’urbanisme
Le moyen âge
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Le Moyen Âge suscite des images contradictoires, celles d'un âge d'or révolu ou, plus souvent, d'une barbarie débridée. Un certain nombre d'idées reçues sur cette longue période - un millénaire - sont remises en cause dans ce livre riche d'une très belle iconographie parfois inédite, au texte novateur, écrit par une spécialiste du sujet. C'est au Moyen Âge que les hommes(...)
Le moyen âge
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Le Moyen Âge suscite des images contradictoires, celles d'un âge d'or révolu ou, plus souvent, d'une barbarie débridée. Un certain nombre d'idées reçues sur cette longue période - un millénaire - sont remises en cause dans ce livre riche d'une très belle iconographie parfois inédite, au texte novateur, écrit par une spécialiste du sujet. C'est au Moyen Âge que les hommes et les femmes ont maîtrisé la nature pour constituer nos paysages actuels, construire les premiers villages et les villes. Ils ont institué des pouvoirs à l'ombre de l'Église, en sorte que le clergé et les laïcs ont créé l'Occident chrétien. On découvre quelles sont les normes qui régissent la vie, à la campagne comme à la ville, et l'importance de la féodalité. Mais c'est aussi l'époque où les grands rois que sont Philippe Auguste, Saint Louis, Philippe le Bel ou Charles V créent les bases d'un État moderne (contrôle effectif du territoire, administration, fiscalité, droit et institutions). La violence, qui éclate lors des guerres et des croisades, des vengeances et des homicides, est aussi l'occasion de parler de l'honneur, une valeur que partagent toutes les couches de la société, tandis que l'ordre se fonde sur le respect des hiérarchies, qu'elles soient laïques ou religieuses.
Histoire jusqu’à 1900
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Ever since the landmark publication of Susan Sontag’s On Photography, it has been impossible to look at photographs, particularly those of violence and suffering, without questioning our role as photographic voyeur. Are we desensitized by the proliferation of these images, and does this make it easier to be passive and uninvolved? Or do the images immediately stir our own(...)
Picturing atrocity: photography in crisis
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Ever since the landmark publication of Susan Sontag’s On Photography, it has been impossible to look at photographs, particularly those of violence and suffering, without questioning our role as photographic voyeur. Are we desensitized by the proliferation of these images, and does this make it easier to be passive and uninvolved? Or do the images immediately stir our own sense of justice and act as a call to arms? Are we consuming the suffering of others as a form of intrigue? Or is it an act of empathy? To answer these questions, Picturing Atrocity brings together writers and critics on photography today to offer close readings of images that reveal the realities behind the photographs, the subjects, and the photographers. From the massacre of the Sioux Indians at Wounded Knee to the torture of prisoners at Abu Ghraib, from famine in China to apartheid in South Africa, Picturing Atrocity examines a broad spectrum of photographs. Each of the essays focuses specifically on an iconic image, offering a distinct approach and context, in order to enable us to look again—and this time more closely—at the picture. In addition, four photo-essays showcase the work of photographers involved in the making of photographs of brutality as well as the artists’ own reflections on these images.
Théorie de la photographie
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Why Don't American Cities Burn? traces the collision of urban transformation with the rightward-moving social politics of late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century America. He shows how the bifurcation of black social structures produced a new African American inequality and traces the shift from images of a pathological black "underclass" to praise of the(...)
Why don't American cities burn?
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Why Don't American Cities Burn? traces the collision of urban transformation with the rightward-moving social politics of late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century America. He shows how the bifurcation of black social structures produced a new African American inequality and traces the shift from images of a pathological black "underclass" to praise of the entrepreneurial poor who take advantage of new technologies of poverty work to find the beginning of the path to the middle class. He explores the reasons American cities since the early 1970s have remained relatively free of collective violence while black men in bleak inner-city neighborhoods have turned their rage inward on one another rather than on the agents and symbols of a culture and political economy that exclude them. The book ends with a meditation on how the political left and right have come to believe that urban transformation is inevitably one of failure and decline abetted by the response of government to deindustrialization, poverty, and race. How, Katz asks, can we construct a new narrative that acknowledges the dark side of urban history even as it demonstrates the capacity of government to address the problems of cities and their residents? How can we create a politics of modest hope?
Théorie de l’urbanisme
L'empire des signes
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Pourquoi le Japon ? Parce que c'est le pays de l'écriture: de tous les pays que l'auteur a pu connaître, le Japon est celui où il a rencontré le travail du signe le plus proche de ses convictions et de ses fantasmes, ou, si l'on préfère, le plus éloigné des dégoûts, des irritations et des refus que suscite en lui la sémiocratie occidentale. Le signe japonais est fort :(...)
L'empire des signes
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Pourquoi le Japon ? Parce que c'est le pays de l'écriture: de tous les pays que l'auteur a pu connaître, le Japon est celui où il a rencontré le travail du signe le plus proche de ses convictions et de ses fantasmes, ou, si l'on préfère, le plus éloigné des dégoûts, des irritations et des refus que suscite en lui la sémiocratie occidentale. Le signe japonais est fort : admirablement réglé, agencé, affiché, jamais naturalisé ou rationalisé. Le signe japonais est vide: son signifié fuit, point de dieu, de vérité, de morale au fond de ces signifiants qui règnent sans contrepartie. Et surtout, la qualité supérieure de ce signe, la noblesse de son affirmation et la grâce érotique dont il se dessine sont apposées partout, sur les objets et sur les conduites les plus futiles, celles que nous renvoyons ordinairement dans l'insignifiance ou la vulgarité. Le lieu du signe ne sera donc pas cherché ici du côté de ses domaines institutionnels: il ne sera question ni d'art, ni de folklore, ni même de «civilisation» (on n'opposera pas le Japon féodal au Japon technique). Il sera question de la ville, du magasin, du théâtre, de la politesse, des jardins, de la violence; il sera question de quelques gestes, de quelques nourritures, de quelques poèmes; il sera question des visages, des yeux et des pinceaux avec quoi tout cela s'écrit mais ne se peint pas.
Théorie/ philosophie
Planet of slums
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Urban theorist Davis takes a global approach to documenting the astonishing depth of squalid poverty that dominates the lives of the planet's increasingly urban population, detailing poor urban communities from Cape Town and Caracas to Casablanca and Khartoum. Davis argues health, justice and social issues associated with gargantuan slums (the largest, in Mexico City, has(...)
Planet of slums
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Urban theorist Davis takes a global approach to documenting the astonishing depth of squalid poverty that dominates the lives of the planet's increasingly urban population, detailing poor urban communities from Cape Town and Caracas to Casablanca and Khartoum. Davis argues health, justice and social issues associated with gargantuan slums (the largest, in Mexico City, has an estimated population of 4 million) get overlooked in world politics: "The demonizing rhetorics of the various international 'wars' on terrorism, drugs, and crime are so much semantic apartheid: they construct epistemological walls around gecekondus, favelas, and chawls that disable any honest debate about the daily violence of economic exclusion." Though Davis focuses on individual communities, he presents statistics showing the skyrocketing population and number of "megaslums" (informally, "stinking mountains of shit" or, formally, "when shanty-towns and squatter communities merge in continuous belts of informal housing and poverty, usually on the urban periphery") since the 1960s. Layered over the hard numbers are a fascinating grid of specific area studies and sub-topics ranging from how the Olympics has spurred the forceful relocation of thousands (and, sometimes, hundreds of thousands) of the urban poor, to the conversion of formerly second world countries to third world status. Davis paints a bleak picture of the upward trend in urbanization and maintains a stark outlook for slum-dwellers' futures
Théorie de l’urbanisme
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Contemporary artist Roni Horn first visited Iceland in 1975 at the age of nineteen, and since then, the island’s treeless expanse has had an enduring hold on Horn’s creative work. Through a series of remarkable and poetic reflections, vignettes, episodes, and illustrated essays, ''Island zombie'' distills the artist’s lifelong experience of Iceland’s natural environment.(...)
Island zombie: Iceland writings
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Contemporary artist Roni Horn first visited Iceland in 1975 at the age of nineteen, and since then, the island’s treeless expanse has had an enduring hold on Horn’s creative work. Through a series of remarkable and poetic reflections, vignettes, episodes, and illustrated essays, ''Island zombie'' distills the artist’s lifelong experience of Iceland’s natural environment. Together, these pieces offer an unforgettable exploration of the indefinable and inescapable force of remote, elemental places, and provide a sustained look at how an island and its atmosphere can take possession of the innermost self. ''Island zombie'' is a meditation on being present. It vividly conveys Horn’s experiences, from the deeply profound to the joyful and absurd. Through powerful evocations of the changing weather and other natural phenomena- the violence of the wind, the often aggressive birds, the imposing influence of glaciers, and the ubiquitous presence of water in all its variety- we come to understand the author’s abiding need for Iceland, a place uniquely essential to Horn’s creative and spiritual life. The dramatic surroundings provoke examinations of self-sufficiency and isolation, and these ruminations summon a range of cultural companions, including El Greco, Emily Dickinson, Judy Garland, Wallace Stevens, Edgar Allan Poe, William Morris, and Rachel Carson. While brilliantly portraying nature’s sublime energy, Horn also confronts issues of consumption, destruction, and loss, as the industrial and man-made encroach on Icelandic wilderness.
Capitalisme carcéral
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Dans son livre « Capitalisme carcéral, » Jackie Wang examine le fonctionnement actuel du capitalisme aux États-Unis illustrant divers aspects du continuum carcéral comme la biopolitique de la délinquance juvénile, le profilage racial, la police prédatrice, la gouvernance cybernétique et le maintien de l’ordre algorithmique. Comment un réseau carcéral et des appareils de(...)
Capitalisme carcéral
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Dans son livre « Capitalisme carcéral, » Jackie Wang examine le fonctionnement actuel du capitalisme aux États-Unis illustrant divers aspects du continuum carcéral comme la biopolitique de la délinquance juvénile, le profilage racial, la police prédatrice, la gouvernance cybernétique et le maintien de l’ordre algorithmique. Comment un réseau carcéral et des appareils de répression policiers s’articulent-ils à la violence de l'économie et du racisme? S’agit-il de la continuation directe, sous un autre visage, du système d’esclavage qui perdura jusqu’au XIXe siècle et sur lequel se sont fondés les États-Unis d’Amérique? Est-ce un système de gestion des populations « surnuméraires » déclassées de leur position dans la hiérarchie sociale? Est-ce que les dispositifs policiers qui strient les espaces urbains ne seraient que d’autres moyens d’extraire de la valeur afin de garantir, à travers les mille et une infractions qu’ils répriment et le fermage d'amendes, la santé financière de l’État? De la privatisation des prisons et des agences de sécurité jusqu’au développement massif d’une industrie technosécuritaire en passant par les algorithmes de reconnaissance faciale et le quadrillage GPS des villes qui les transforment en véritables prisons à ciel ouvert, cet ensemble d’hypothèses nous fait plonger au cœur de l’enfer du capitalisme américain, de ses logiques totalitaires et sécuritaires et de ses processus de racialisation des corps.
Social
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After the success of the recent touring exhibition "My Complement, My Enemy, My Oppressor, My Love", Kara Walker's silhouetted cut-out figures are a now-familiar but still pungent presence in contemporary art, reenacting uncomfortable, often violent episodes in American race relations and reprising, in their formal simplicity, the ways in which marginalized identities are(...)
Kara Walker : bureau of refugees
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After the success of the recent touring exhibition "My Complement, My Enemy, My Oppressor, My Love", Kara Walker's silhouetted cut-out figures are a now-familiar but still pungent presence in contemporary art, reenacting uncomfortable, often violent episodes in American race relations and reprising, in their formal simplicity, the ways in which marginalized identities are reduced and distorted into readily legible, caricatured forms. Walker's art continues, in other words, to pose awkward questions straightforwardly. Her imagery derives from the visual language of the antebellum South and the tradition of the minstrel show, which she directs to more disquieting ends. Where her source material parodied African-American culture with a terrifyingly casual jocularity - permitting white Americans to vicariously transgress their own taboos by depicting social chaos and unbridled sexuality - Walker applies that jocularity to her depictions of violence against African-Americans, lending them a hollow, almost slapstick character that is very much at odds with their original function. This latest book features work from a new series that addresses, among other themes, the atrocities committed against former slaves after the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and the Reconstruction program implemented by Congress between 1866 and 1877. These narratives are elaborated into or against geometric scenarios more abstract and compacted than previous sequences by Walker, and with a more extensive use of color.
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Getting the picture, constructing (and deconstructing) the picture, finding the picture, viewing the picture, being in the picture , changing the pictures --these are all phrases that apply to the fascinating world of 'putting people in the picture' in visual research within the Social Sciences. Putting People in the Picture: Visual Methodologies for Social Change focuses(...)
Théorie de la photographie
mai 2008, Rotterdam
Putting people in the picture: visual methodologies for social change
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Getting the picture, constructing (and deconstructing) the picture, finding the picture, viewing the picture, being in the picture , changing the pictures --these are all phrases that apply to the fascinating world of 'putting people in the picture' in visual research within the Social Sciences. Putting People in the Picture: Visual Methodologies for Social Change focuses on the ways in which researchers, practitioners and activists are using such techniques as photo voice, collaborative video, drawings and other visual and arts-based tools as modes of inquiry, as modes of representation and as modes of disseminating findings in social research. The various chapters address methodological, analytical, interpretive, aesthetic, technical and ethical concerns in using visual methodologies in work with young people, teachers, community health care workers -- and even the self-as-researcher. The range of issues addressed in the work is broad, and includes work in the areas of HIV & AIDS, schooling, poverty, gender violence, race, and children's visions for the future. While the studies are situated within a variety of social contexts, the focus is primarily on work in Southern Africa. The book takes up some of the theoretical and practical challenges offered by Visual Sociology, Image- based Research, Media Studies, Rural Development, and Community-based and Participatory Research, and in so doing offers audiences an array of visual approaches to studying and bringing about social change.
Théorie de la photographie