20120 Résultats
Classification:
livres
livres
Titre:
Merz to Emigre and beyond : Avant-Garde magazine design of the twentieth century / Steven Heller.
Merz to Emigre and beyond : Avant-Garde magazine design of the twentieth century / Steven Heller.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
240 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm
Description:
240 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Magazine design History 20th century.,
- Graphic design (Typography),
- Graphic arts.,
- Périodiques Design Histoire 20e siècle.,
- Arts graphiques.,
- graphic arts.,
- graphic design.,
- Magazine design,
- Grafische vormgeving.,
- Typografie.,
- Tijdschriften.,
- Avant-garde.,
- Artes gráficas (história) Século 20 Europa;estados unidos.,
- Ilustração.,
- Revistas Século 20 Europa;estados unidos.,
- Tipografia.,
- 20e siècle.,
- Histoire.,
- Design.,
- Périodique.,
- History
Publication:
London ; New York : Phaidon Press, 2003.
London ; New York : Phaidon Press, 2003.
Titre:
Merz to Emigre and beyond : Avant-Garde magazine design of the twentieth century / Steven Heller.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
240 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm
Merz to Emigre and beyond : Avant-Garde magazine design of the twentieth century / Steven Heller.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
240 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm
Classification:
livres
livres
Publication:
London ; New York : Phaidon Press, 2003.
London ; New York : Phaidon Press, 2003.
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Magazine design History 20th century.,
- Graphic design (Typography),
- Graphic arts.,
- Périodiques Design Histoire 20e siècle.,
- Arts graphiques.,
- graphic arts.,
- graphic design.,
- Magazine design,
- Grafische vormgeving.,
- Typografie.,
- Tijdschriften.,
- Avant-garde.,
- Artes gráficas (história) Século 20 Europa;estados unidos.,
- Ilustração.,
- Revistas Século 20 Europa;estados unidos.,
- Tipografia.,
- 20e siècle.,
- Histoire.,
- Design.,
- Périodique.,
- History
Classification:
livres
livres
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
59 pages 24 cm
- Bibliothèque study room 91611 | 0000441 PO1471 Z8471.5.G6 REF; ID:86-B18097 | Disponible
Description:
59 pages 24 cm
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Lahontan, baron de, 1666-1716 Bibliography.,
- Lahontan, Louis Armand de Lom d'Arce, baron de, 1666-1716.,
- Lahontan, baron de, 1666-1716,
- Bibliographies.
Publication:
New York, Bibliographical Society of America, ©1954.
New York, Bibliographical Society of America, ©1954.
Titre:
Lahontan: an essay and bibliography.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
59 pages 24 cm
Lahontan: an essay and bibliography.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
- Bibliothèque study room 91611 | 0000441 PO1471 Z8471.5.G6 REF; ID:86-B18097 | Disponible
Description:
59 pages 24 cm
Classification:
livres
livres
Publication:
New York, Bibliographical Society of America, ©1954.
New York, Bibliographical Society of America, ©1954.
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Lahontan, baron de, 1666-1716 Bibliography.,
- Lahontan, Louis Armand de Lom d'Arce, baron de, 1666-1716.,
- Lahontan, baron de, 1666-1716,
- Bibliographies.
Classification:
livres
livres
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
95 pages : illustrations ; 29 cm
Description:
95 pages : illustrations ; 29 cm
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Spanish mission buildings California.,
- Indians of North America Missions California.,
- Missions espagnoles (Édifices) Californie.,
- Indians of North America Missions.,
- Spanish mission buildings.,
- California History To 1846.,
- Californie Histoire Jusqu'à 1846.,
- California.,
- History.
Publication:
Corona del Mar, Calif. : Trans-Anglo Books, [1975]
Corona del Mar, Calif. : Trans-Anglo Books, [1975]
Titre:
California's Spanish missions : their yesterdays and todays / by Spencer Crump ; with ill. from historical archives, supplemented by modern photos.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
95 pages : illustrations ; 29 cm
California's Spanish missions : their yesterdays and todays / by Spencer Crump ; with ill. from historical archives, supplemented by modern photos.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
95 pages : illustrations ; 29 cm
Classification:
livres
livres
Publication:
Corona del Mar, Calif. : Trans-Anglo Books, [1975]
Corona del Mar, Calif. : Trans-Anglo Books, [1975]
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Spanish mission buildings California.,
- Indians of North America Missions California.,
- Missions espagnoles (Édifices) Californie.,
- Indians of North America Missions.,
- Spanish mission buildings.,
- California History To 1846.,
- Californie Histoire Jusqu'à 1846.,
- California.,
- History.
Classification:
livres
livres
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
xliii, 409 pages, 11 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations, portraits ; 23 cm
Description:
xliii, 409 pages, 11 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations, portraits ; 23 cm
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Indians of North America Education Canada History.,
- Indians of North America Canada Social conditions.,
- Indians of North America Canada Government relations.,
- Indians, Treatment of Canada.,
- Indigenous peoples Education Canada History.,
- Indigenous peoples Canada Social conditions.,
- Indigenous peoples Canada Government relations.,
- Off-reservation boarding schools Canada History.,
- Indigenous Canadians education,
- Indigenous Canadians history,
- Schools history,
- Child Abuse history,
- Social Conditions history,
- History, 19th Century,
- History, 20th Century,
- First Nations Residential schools History.,
- Indigenous peoples Canada Residential schools History.,
- Internats pour Peuples autochtones Histoire.,
- Autochtones Éducation Canada Histoire.,
- Peuples autochtones Canada Conditions sociales.,
- Peuples autochtones Canada Relations avec l'État.,
- Indiens d'Amérique Canada Conditions sociales.,
- Premières Nations Relations avec l'État.,
- Attitudes envers les Peuples autochtones Canada.,
- Médecine Histoire 20e siècle.,
- Indigenous peoples Social conditions,
- Indigenous peoples Government relations,
- Indigenous peoples Education,
- Indians of North America Education,
- Indians of North America Government relations,
- Indians of North America Social conditions,
- Indians, Treatment of,
- Residential schools.,
- Canada,
- History
Publication:
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada : University of Manitoba Press, [2017], ©1999
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada : University of Manitoba Press, [2017], ©1999
Titre:
A national crime : the Canadian government and the residential school system, 1879 to 1986 / John S. Milloy ; foreword by Mary Jane Logan McCallum.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
xliii, 409 pages, 11 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations, portraits ; 23 cm
A national crime : the Canadian government and the residential school system, 1879 to 1986 / John S. Milloy ; foreword by Mary Jane Logan McCallum.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
xliii, 409 pages, 11 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations, portraits ; 23 cm
Classification:
livres
livres
Publication:
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada : University of Manitoba Press, [2017], ©1999
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada : University of Manitoba Press, [2017], ©1999
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Indians of North America Education Canada History.,
- Indians of North America Canada Social conditions.,
- Indians of North America Canada Government relations.,
- Indians, Treatment of Canada.,
- Indigenous peoples Education Canada History.,
- Indigenous peoples Canada Social conditions.,
- Indigenous peoples Canada Government relations.,
- Off-reservation boarding schools Canada History.,
- Indigenous Canadians education,
- Indigenous Canadians history,
- Schools history,
- Child Abuse history,
- Social Conditions history,
- History, 19th Century,
- History, 20th Century,
- First Nations Residential schools History.,
- Indigenous peoples Canada Residential schools History.,
- Internats pour Peuples autochtones Histoire.,
- Autochtones Éducation Canada Histoire.,
- Peuples autochtones Canada Conditions sociales.,
- Peuples autochtones Canada Relations avec l'État.,
- Indiens d'Amérique Canada Conditions sociales.,
- Premières Nations Relations avec l'État.,
- Attitudes envers les Peuples autochtones Canada.,
- Médecine Histoire 20e siècle.,
- Indigenous peoples Social conditions,
- Indigenous peoples Government relations,
- Indigenous peoples Education,
- Indians of North America Education,
- Indians of North America Government relations,
- Indians of North America Social conditions,
- Indians, Treatment of,
- Residential schools.,
- Canada,
- History
Classification:
périodiques
périodiques
Actions:
Prix:
$21.48
(disponible sur commande)
Résumé:
“A terrible mechanism [is] on the march, its gears multiplying.” So begins the 48th issue of Harvard Design Magazine, guest edited by Mark Lee, chair of the department of architecture at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, and Florencia Rodriguez, editorial director of -Ness Magazine. The issue takes as its theme the slippery and ambiguous figure of “America,” seen(...)
$21.48
(disponible sur commande)
Résumé:
“A terrible mechanism [is] on the march, its gears multiplying.” So begins the 48th issue of Harvard Design Magazine, guest edited by Mark Lee, chair of the department of architecture at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, and Florencia Rodriguez, editorial director of -Ness Magazine. The issue takes as its theme the slippery and ambiguous figure of “America,” seen(...)
Titre:
Harvard Design Magazine 48 : America
Actions:
Prix:
$21.48
(disponible sur commande)
Résumé:
“A terrible mechanism [is] on the march, its gears multiplying.” So begins the 48th issue of Harvard Design Magazine, guest edited by Mark Lee, chair of the department of architecture at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, and Florencia Rodriguez, editorial director of -Ness Magazine. The issue takes as its theme the slippery and ambiguous figure of “America,” seen through the lens of the built and unbuilt environment. Americanization—once the “terrible mechanism” bent on pressing capitalist values on emerging economies everywhere—is now in retreat, eclipsed by the more urgent domestic concerns of pandemic and climate change, racial injustice and domestic radicalization. The very notion of what constitutes America is ripe for redefinition. The America Issue of Harvard Design Magazine, featuring a new design and art direction by Alexis Mark, invites historians, architects, landscape architects, urban designers, theorists, curators, artists, and planners to reflect on the country’s past and present, and to imagine sustainable futures. Projects, taxonomies, dialogues, essays, and spatial interpretations explore possible Americas. They allow us to delve into issues relevant to small cities, towns, and rural areas—as well as major urban centers—and to study barriers and opportunities facing communities across the country.
Harvard Design Magazine 48 : America
Actions:
Prix:
$21.48
(disponible sur commande)
Résumé:
“A terrible mechanism [is] on the march, its gears multiplying.” So begins the 48th issue of Harvard Design Magazine, guest edited by Mark Lee, chair of the department of architecture at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, and Florencia Rodriguez, editorial director of -Ness Magazine. The issue takes as its theme the slippery and ambiguous figure of “America,” seen through the lens of the built and unbuilt environment. Americanization—once the “terrible mechanism” bent on pressing capitalist values on emerging economies everywhere—is now in retreat, eclipsed by the more urgent domestic concerns of pandemic and climate change, racial injustice and domestic radicalization. The very notion of what constitutes America is ripe for redefinition. The America Issue of Harvard Design Magazine, featuring a new design and art direction by Alexis Mark, invites historians, architects, landscape architects, urban designers, theorists, curators, artists, and planners to reflect on the country’s past and present, and to imagine sustainable futures. Projects, taxonomies, dialogues, essays, and spatial interpretations explore possible Americas. They allow us to delve into issues relevant to small cities, towns, and rural areas—as well as major urban centers—and to study barriers and opportunities facing communities across the country.
Classification:
périodiques
périodiques
Publication:
avril 2021
avril 2021
Sujet:
Revues
Revues
Classification:
livres
livres
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
viii, 184 pages : illustrations (some color), maps (some color) ; 28 cm
Description:
viii, 184 pages : illustrations (some color), maps (some color) ; 28 cm
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Landscape gardening Hudson River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.) History 19th century.,
- Landscape gardening New York (State) History 19th century.,
- Landscape architecture Hudson River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.) History 19th century.,
- Landscape architecture New York (State) History 19th century.,
- Gardens New York (State) History.,
- Dwellings New York (State) History.,
- Historic sites New York (State),
- Historic buildings New York (State),
- Architecture du paysage Hudson, Vallée de l' (N.Y. et N.J.) Histoire 19e siècle.,
- Architecture du paysage New York (État) Histoire 19e siècle.,
- Jardins New York (État) Histoire.,
- Habitations New York (État) Histoire.,
- Lieux historiques New York (État),
- Dwellings.,
- Gardens.,
- Historic buildings.,
- Historic sites.,
- Landscape architecture.,
- Landscape gardening.,
- Hudson River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.) History, Local.,
- Hudson, Vallée de l' (N.Y. et N.J.) Histoire locale.,
- New York (State),
- United States Hudson River Valley.,
- History.,
- Local history.
Publication:
Hensonville, N.Y. : Black Dome, 2010.
Hensonville, N.Y. : Black Dome, 2010.
Titre:
Landscape gardens on the Hudson, a history : the romantic age, the great estates, & the birth of American landscape architecture / Robert M. Toole.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
viii, 184 pages : illustrations (some color), maps (some color) ; 28 cm
Landscape gardens on the Hudson, a history : the romantic age, the great estates, & the birth of American landscape architecture / Robert M. Toole.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
viii, 184 pages : illustrations (some color), maps (some color) ; 28 cm
Classification:
livres
livres
Publication:
Hensonville, N.Y. : Black Dome, 2010.
Hensonville, N.Y. : Black Dome, 2010.
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Landscape gardening Hudson River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.) History 19th century.,
- Landscape gardening New York (State) History 19th century.,
- Landscape architecture Hudson River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.) History 19th century.,
- Landscape architecture New York (State) History 19th century.,
- Gardens New York (State) History.,
- Dwellings New York (State) History.,
- Historic sites New York (State),
- Historic buildings New York (State),
- Architecture du paysage Hudson, Vallée de l' (N.Y. et N.J.) Histoire 19e siècle.,
- Architecture du paysage New York (État) Histoire 19e siècle.,
- Jardins New York (État) Histoire.,
- Habitations New York (État) Histoire.,
- Lieux historiques New York (État),
- Dwellings.,
- Gardens.,
- Historic buildings.,
- Historic sites.,
- Landscape architecture.,
- Landscape gardening.,
- Hudson River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.) History, Local.,
- Hudson, Vallée de l' (N.Y. et N.J.) Histoire locale.,
- New York (State),
- United States Hudson River Valley.,
- History.,
- Local history.
Classification:
livres
livres
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
xiv, 445 pages : illustrations, map, portraits ; 24 cm
Description:
xiv, 445 pages : illustrations, map, portraits ; 24 cm
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Imperialism History 20th century.,
- Asie Relations raciales Histoire 20e siècle.,
- Impérialisme Histoire 20e siècle.,
- Diplomatic relations.,
- Imperialism.,
- Race relations.,
- Canada Foreign relations Pacific Area.,
- Pacific Area Foreign relations Canada.,
- Canada Foreign relations Asia.,
- Asia Foreign relations Canada.,
- Canada Race relations History 20th century.,
- Asia Race relations History 20th century.,
- Canada History, Military 20th century.,
- Canada Relations extérieures Pacifique, Région du.,
- Pacifique, Région du Relations extérieures Canada.,
- Canada Relations extérieures Asie.,
- Asie Relations extérieures Canada.,
- Canada Relations raciales Histoire 20e siècle.,
- Canada Histoire militaire 20e siècle.,
- Asia.,
- Canada.,
- Pacific Area.,
- History.,
- Military history.
Publication:
Vancouver : UBC Press, ©2011.
Vancouver : UBC Press, ©2011.
Titre:
Orienting Canada : race, empire, and the transpacific / John Price.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
xiv, 445 pages : illustrations, map, portraits ; 24 cm
Orienting Canada : race, empire, and the transpacific / John Price.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
xiv, 445 pages : illustrations, map, portraits ; 24 cm
Classification:
livres
livres
Publication:
Vancouver : UBC Press, ©2011.
Vancouver : UBC Press, ©2011.
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Imperialism History 20th century.,
- Asie Relations raciales Histoire 20e siècle.,
- Impérialisme Histoire 20e siècle.,
- Diplomatic relations.,
- Imperialism.,
- Race relations.,
- Canada Foreign relations Pacific Area.,
- Pacific Area Foreign relations Canada.,
- Canada Foreign relations Asia.,
- Asia Foreign relations Canada.,
- Canada Race relations History 20th century.,
- Asia Race relations History 20th century.,
- Canada History, Military 20th century.,
- Canada Relations extérieures Pacifique, Région du.,
- Pacifique, Région du Relations extérieures Canada.,
- Canada Relations extérieures Asie.,
- Asie Relations extérieures Canada.,
- Canada Relations raciales Histoire 20e siècle.,
- Canada Histoire militaire 20e siècle.,
- Asia.,
- Canada.,
- Pacific Area.,
- History.,
- Military history.
Classification:
livres
livres
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
4 preliminary leaves, [11]-194, pages [2] pages illustrations, maps 23 cm
Description:
4 preliminary leaves, [11]-194, pages [2] pages illustrations, maps 23 cm
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Champlain, Lake History.,
- Champlain, Lac Histoire.,
- North America Lake Champlain.,
- History.
Publication:
Worcester, Mass., Compagnie de publication Belisle, 1909.
Worcester, Mass., Compagnie de publication Belisle, 1909.
Titre:
La grande semaine; fêtes du troisième centenaire de la découverte du Lac Champlain, récit complet, avec poèmes inédits, gravures, discours en français et tous les détails d'un intérêt particulier pour le public de langue française, rédigé par J.-Arthur Favreau ...
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
4 preliminary leaves, [11]-194, pages [2] pages illustrations, maps 23 cm
La grande semaine; fêtes du troisième centenaire de la découverte du Lac Champlain, récit complet, avec poèmes inédits, gravures, discours en français et tous les détails d'un intérêt particulier pour le public de langue française, rédigé par J.-Arthur Favreau ...
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
4 preliminary leaves, [11]-194, pages [2] pages illustrations, maps 23 cm
Classification:
livres
livres
Publication:
Worcester, Mass., Compagnie de publication Belisle, 1909.
Worcester, Mass., Compagnie de publication Belisle, 1909.
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Champlain, Lake History.,
- Champlain, Lac Histoire.,
- North America Lake Champlain.,
- History.
Classification:
livres
livres
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
184 pages, [10] folded leaves of plates : 8 maps ; 23 cm.
Description:
184 pages, [10] folded leaves of plates : 8 maps ; 23 cm.
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Canals Canada.,
- Canals United States.,
- Transportation United States.,
- Transportation Canada.,
- Canaux Canada.,
- Canaux États-Unis.,
- Canals.,
- Commerce.,
- Transportation.,
- Water-power.,
- Saint Lawrence River.,
- Great Lakes (North America) Commerce.,
- Saint Lawrence River Power utilization.,
- Grands Lacs (Amérique du Nord) Commerce.,
- Canada.,
- Great Lakes.,
- North America Saint Lawrence River.,
- United States.
Publication:
Washington : Govt. Printing Office, 1922.
Washington : Govt. Printing Office, 1922.
Titre:
St. Lawrence waterway : message from the President of the United States transmitting a letter from the Secretary of State submitting the report of the International Joint Commission concerning the improvement of the St. Lawrence River between Montreal and Lake Ontario for navigation and power.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
184 pages, [10] folded leaves of plates : 8 maps ; 23 cm.
St. Lawrence waterway : message from the President of the United States transmitting a letter from the Secretary of State submitting the report of the International Joint Commission concerning the improvement of the St. Lawrence River between Montreal and Lake Ontario for navigation and power.
Actions:
Exemplaires:
Description:
184 pages, [10] folded leaves of plates : 8 maps ; 23 cm.
Classification:
livres
livres
Publication:
Washington : Govt. Printing Office, 1922.
Washington : Govt. Printing Office, 1922.
Auteur:
Sujet:
- Canals Canada.,
- Canals United States.,
- Transportation United States.,
- Transportation Canada.,
- Canaux Canada.,
- Canaux États-Unis.,
- Canals.,
- Commerce.,
- Transportation.,
- Water-power.,
- Saint Lawrence River.,
- Great Lakes (North America) Commerce.,
- Saint Lawrence River Power utilization.,
- Grands Lacs (Amérique du Nord) Commerce.,
- Canada.,
- Great Lakes.,
- North America Saint Lawrence River.,
- United States.
Classification:
livres
livres
Titre:
Aalto and America
Aalto and America
Actions:
Prix:
$79.95
(disponible sur commande)
Résumé:
The internationally renowned Finnish architect and designer Alvar Aalto (1898-1976) created several landmarks of modern design in the United States. The first, the Finland Pavilion at the New York World's Fair in 1939, introduced his pioneering style to the country and established his reputation among his American peers. Subsequent designs produced in the United States(...)
$79.95
(disponible sur commande)
Résumé:
The internationally renowned Finnish architect and designer Alvar Aalto (1898-1976) created several landmarks of modern design in the United States. The first, the Finland Pavilion at the New York World's Fair in 1939, introduced his pioneering style to the country and established his reputation among his American peers. Subsequent designs produced in the United States(...)
Titre:
Aalto and America
Actions:
Prix:
$79.95
(disponible sur commande)
Résumé:
The internationally renowned Finnish architect and designer Alvar Aalto (1898-1976) created several landmarks of modern design in the United States. The first, the Finland Pavilion at the New York World's Fair in 1939, introduced his pioneering style to the country and established his reputation among his American peers. Subsequent designs produced in the United States marked major turning points in his evolving position as an architect. His commissioned project for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Baker House dormitory (completed 1949) features an undulating facade of red brick, a material that references the building's Boston surroundings. Aalto's fan-shaped plan for the Mount Angel Abbey Library (completed 1970) in St. Benedict, Oregon, his consummate exploration of the library type, capitalizes on the local terrain and the use of natural light. Aalto's designs had a lasting impact on American modernism, but his experiences in America also profoundly influenced his own stylistic development. Aalto and America is a detailed survey of this beneficial relationship, with contributions by fifteen experts who explore these key designs in relation to larger themes in international politics, architectural culture, housing research, and modern criticism and design.
Aalto and America
Actions:
Prix:
$79.95
(disponible sur commande)
Résumé:
The internationally renowned Finnish architect and designer Alvar Aalto (1898-1976) created several landmarks of modern design in the United States. The first, the Finland Pavilion at the New York World's Fair in 1939, introduced his pioneering style to the country and established his reputation among his American peers. Subsequent designs produced in the United States marked major turning points in his evolving position as an architect. His commissioned project for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Baker House dormitory (completed 1949) features an undulating facade of red brick, a material that references the building's Boston surroundings. Aalto's fan-shaped plan for the Mount Angel Abbey Library (completed 1970) in St. Benedict, Oregon, his consummate exploration of the library type, capitalizes on the local terrain and the use of natural light. Aalto's designs had a lasting impact on American modernism, but his experiences in America also profoundly influenced his own stylistic development. Aalto and America is a detailed survey of this beneficial relationship, with contributions by fifteen experts who explore these key designs in relation to larger themes in international politics, architectural culture, housing research, and modern criticism and design.
Classification:
livres
livres
Publication:
octobre 2011
octobre 2011
Sujet:
Architecture, monographies
Architecture, monographies
