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Titre:
Oase 64 : landscape and mass tourism

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Résumé:
The relationship between architecture and tourism has been the subject of ample research from the urban point of view, resulting in various theories about the "tourist gaze." Themes like identity and city branding are familiar to us all these days, but the relationship between architecture and the touristic landscape has thus far received much less consideration. Now that tourism is occupying the natural landscape en masse, it is no longer possible to safeguard the ideal of pure, untouched nature. By its very definition, the touristic landscape is a construct in which cultural and functional aspects have a role. As far back as the 18th century, the experience of a touristic landscape was become a physical one; an irreversible transformation of the landscape has been the result. This edition of "OASE" focuses on architecture's contribution to the structuring of mass tourism in the context of landscape, on how architecture frames the landscape and regiments the flow of tourists. A variety of interventions and strategies are reviewed, from mega-structures and infrastructure in ski resorts and Mediterranean holiday villages to nostalgic settlements in man-made miniature landscapes.

Titre:
Oase 116: The architect as public intellectual

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This issue of OASE explores the role of architects as public intellectuals and the ways in which they contribute to society beyond design. Architects are well placed to contribute to public debates on challenges related to climate change, the housing crisis and more.

Titre:
Anarchitektur: produktion und gebrauch gebauter umwelt

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22 GAMMA Grid, 1953. The End of CIAM and the Bidonvilles of Casablanca For a short time in the 1950s the planning practices of European architects in North Africa and their studies of everyday life in the bidonvilles were of central importance in the CIAM debates about a redefinition of the modern movement. In spite of their great interest in the reality of life in Casablanca´s bidonvilles as analyzed in the GAMMA grid, the architects ignored the colonial conditions of their research: the repressive nature of the regime as well as the anti-colonial struggles. While opening up a discussion about an architecture that includes the local and thinks about processes and users, this study is also exemplary for the dilemma of post-war modernism, that of giving mainly aesthetic answers to social and political questions.

Titre:
The global turn: six journeys of architecture and the city, 1945-1989

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To what extent did the circulation of people, commodities and knowledge affect architecture and urban design between World War II and the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989? Swiss urban studies professor Tom Avermaete teams up with Chicago-based architect Michelangelo Sabatino to interrogate the influence of globalization on postwar architecture. Globalization is a complex phenomenon that has profoundly affected the practice of designers and engineers in the postwar era as it simultaneously expands and shrinks the world in which we live. Avermaete and Sabatino arrive at several conclusions through a diligent analysis of spatial, political and social geographies, from airports and hotels to construction materials and labor. ''The Global Turn'' presents their findings in a series of six short essays, providing a fresh viewpoint on a new worldwide environment that gives as much as it takes.

Titre:
OASE 109: Modernities

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The history of architecture is often read in terms of periods that each have their own zeitgeist and movements that each have their own architectural language. What happens if we depart from this zeitgeist concept and use a cyclical history model instead? In the 1970s and 1980s, this question was usually considered from the seemingly mutually exclusive points of view of the modern, the anti-modern and the postmodern positions. Over the past two decades, contemporary European architecture developed a different frame of reference, one in which the horizon is no longer provided by the architecture of the modern movement. This issue traces how, against the background of this broadening frame of reference, a different understanding of modernity emerged.

Titre:
OASE 103: Critical regionalism revisited

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English architect, historian, critic and educator Kenneth Frampton received the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement at the Venice Biennale 2018. There is no architecture student that is not familiar with the book Modern Architecture: A Critical History (1980) of this renowned historian, nor with his essay ‘Towards a Critical Regionalism, Six Points of an Architecture of Resistance’ (1983). In this last text, Frampton searched for an alternative approach towards architecture by defining the specifics of topography, climate, light and tectonics as essential to the art of building. This issue of OASE examines the canonical role of Kenneth Frampton’s concept of ‘Critical Regionalism’, reaching beyond its traditional interpretation. It gathers contributions that propose a new genealogy of the text, critical re-readings and explorations by practicing architects and architecture theorists that evaluate the interest of Frampton’s ideas for contemporary architecture.

Titre:
OASE 87, Alan Colquhoun: Architecture, historian, critic

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OASE 87 is dedicated to the work of British architect Alan Colquhoun, situated within today’s debate on architecture criticism. The issue presents not only the different themes that Colquhoun addressed in his work, but also the various positions taken in his career as scholar, critic and practitioner. Alan Colquhoun managed for decades to link his practical experiences with a particular way of thinking about architecture history and theory. Colquhoun’s work illustrates that architecture – even today – needs its own theory and cultural position.

Titre:
Stanley Greenberg: Olmsted trees

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Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903) is considered the father of landscape architecture in the United States for his creation of several renowned urban parks and park systems around the country. Whether in Central Park in New York, the Emerald Necklace in Boston, or the park systems of Chicago, Milwaukee, Buffalo, Rochester, and Louisville—trees are essential elements of all of Olmsted’s park designs. Through Stanley Greenberg’s stunning series of black and white photographs of the trees that date to the beginnings of these parks, this volume offers an intimate encounter with Olmsted, his motifs, and his heritage. Three essays by renowned experts on history, sociology, and landscape architecture complement the narrative and present an interdisciplinary vision of Olmsted’s achievement.

Titre:
Architectural positions: architecture, modernity and the public sphere

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Public space is changing. Where in earlier times people met each other on a public square it seems that now a hotel lobby is the desired designation. This change in the notion of what the public area exactly is forms one of the most crucial themes in current architectural debate – Where are shared spaces presently to be found where people can meet each other and develop and share a public meaning? This illustrated anthology brings together an impressive collection of writings by 36 leading architects, who have over the last fifty years presented different positions in relation to the debate over the idea and limits of what the public is, or should be. Contributors include: Aldo Rossi, Rem Koolhaas, Matthias Ungers, Daniel Libeskind, Peter Zumthor, Alison and Peter Smithson, Rob Krier, Ben van Berkel and Caroline Bos and Jean Nouvel.

Titre:
Agadir: Building the modern Afropolis

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On February 29, 1960, a catastrophic earthquake devastated the Moroccan coastal city of Agadir, erasing it almost entirely and killing a third of its population. The world was shocked, and very quickly large amounts of international aid arrived. Following an emotional speech by King Mohammed V, the reconstruction of Agadir also turned into an undertaking of national and international solidarity. A new and unprecedented process of urban construction was developed that allowed many architects—national and international—to simultaneously design the new city. The result of this joint effort was astounding. In a very short time, the new Agadir rose from the ashes. The best Moroccan and international architects experimented with novel housing typologies, which mediated between ultramodern and vernacular ways of dwelling, complemented by innovative public structures, such as schools, dispensaries, and cinemas. All of these combined into an original urban reality: a modern Afropolis.