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A social history of AI that finally reveals its roots in the spatial computation of industrial factories and the surveillance of collective behaviour. What is AI? A dominant view describes it as the quest ''to solve intelligence,'' a solution supposedly to be found in the secret logic of the mind or in the deep physiology of the brain, such as in its complex neural(...)
The eye of the master: A social history of artificial intelligence
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A social history of AI that finally reveals its roots in the spatial computation of industrial factories and the surveillance of collective behaviour. What is AI? A dominant view describes it as the quest ''to solve intelligence,'' a solution supposedly to be found in the secret logic of the mind or in the deep physiology of the brain, such as in its complex neural networks. ''The eye of the master'' argues, to the contrary, that the inner code of AI is shaped not by the imitation of biological intelligence, but the intelligence of labour and social relations, as it is found in Babbage's ''calculating engines'' of the industrial age as well as in the recent algorithms for image recognition and surveillance. The idea that AI may one day become autonomous (or ''sentient'', as someone thought of Google's LaMDA) is pure fantasy. Computer algorithms have always imitated the form of social relations and the organisation of labour in their own inner structure and their purpose remains blind automation. ''The eye of the master'' urges a new literacy on AI for scientists, journalists and new generations of activists, who should recognise that the ''mystery'' of AI is just the automation of labour at the highest degree, not intelligence per se.
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This book brings the history of the geosciences and world cosmologies together, exploring many traditions, including Chinese, Pacific, Islamic, South and Southeast Asian conceptions of the earth’s origin and makeup. Together the chapters ask: How have different ideas about the sacred, animate, and earthly changed modern environmental sciences? How have different world(...)
novembre 2023
New earth histories: Geo-cosmologies and the making of the modern world
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This book brings the history of the geosciences and world cosmologies together, exploring many traditions, including Chinese, Pacific, Islamic, South and Southeast Asian conceptions of the earth’s origin and makeup. Together the chapters ask: How have different ideas about the sacred, animate, and earthly changed modern environmental sciences? How have different world traditions understood human and geological origins? How does the inclusion of multiple cosmologies change the meaning of the Anthropocene and the global climate crisis? By carefully examining these questions, ''New earth histories'' sets an ambitious agenda for how we think about the earth. The chapters consider debates about the age and structure of the earth, how humans and earth systems interact, and how empire has been conceived in multiple traditions. The methods the authors deploy are diverse—from cultural history and visual and material studies to ethnography, geography, and Indigenous studies—and the effect is to highlight how earth knowledge emerged from historically specific situations. ''New earth histories'' provides both a framework for studying science at a global scale and fascinating examples to educate as well as inspire future work. Essential reading for students and scholars of earth science history, environmental humanities, history of science and religion, and science and empire.
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In an age of social and environmental crises, we need to critically rethink the role of the built environment and how best to put it to work. ''Measures and Meanings of Spatial Capital'' presents a new theory of spatial capital, arguing that spatial form is essential for building resilience into highly complex urban systems. Lars Marcus argues that the built environment(...)
Measures and meanings of spatial capital
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In an age of social and environmental crises, we need to critically rethink the role of the built environment and how best to put it to work. ''Measures and Meanings of Spatial Capital'' presents a new theory of spatial capital, arguing that spatial form is essential for building resilience into highly complex urban systems. Lars Marcus argues that the built environment constitutes a form of capital that enhances other forms of capital in cities (such as social, economic, and ecological capital), if designed with those goals in mind. This represents an important and necessary shift in how we approach urban space in the numerous studies of cities that are conducted in a range of disciplines today, such as urban sociology, urban economics, and urban ecology. In contemporary urban studies, land has oddly lost its position alongside labor and capital as one of the three fundamental production factors in economic theory, but as Marcus shows, misconceptions of land are at the root of social and environmental crises worldwide. By defining the challenges and modeling our use of spatial form to enhance/improve land, and then synthesizing data into a unified theory of spatial capital, Marcus provides a crucial reframing of how we can best plan and design our cities for the global challenges we are facing.
Théorie de l’urbanisme
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Dans la mythologie grecque, Héphaïstos forgeait le fer de son souffle divin pour fabriquer les armes des dieux et des héros les plus valeureux. Plus tard, au Moyen Age, les arts roman et gothique ont produit de véritables chef-d'œuvre. Plus récemment, l'Art Nouveau a, lui aussi, exalté les multiples possibilités d'expression de ce matériau présent tant dans le mobilier(...)
Fer forgé : un voyage à travers les époques et les styles
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Dans la mythologie grecque, Héphaïstos forgeait le fer de son souffle divin pour fabriquer les armes des dieux et des héros les plus valeureux. Plus tard, au Moyen Age, les arts roman et gothique ont produit de véritables chef-d'œuvre. Plus récemment, l'Art Nouveau a, lui aussi, exalté les multiples possibilités d'expression de ce matériau présent tant dans le mobilier intérieur que pur des éléments décoratifs architecturaux. Aujourd'hui, la tradition artisanale se conjugue avec l'innovation technologique pour permettre au fer forgé de figurer en bonne place dans le design du troisième millénaire. Vous trouverez dans cet ouvrage, illustré de nombreux dessins et photographies didactiques des idées et des projets (des grilles, des balcons, des gloriettes et des bancs...); des modèles à copier ou à modifier pour les adapter à son intérieur (des chaises, des tables, des lits, des lustres décoratifs...); des conseils pratiques pour apprendre à évaluer l'état des vieux objets de récupération, les nettoyer, les restaurer, les décaper, les peindre et leur donner une nouvelle jeunesse); une initiation progressive aux différentes techniques de traitement et de décoration du fer forgé (oxydation, sablage, brunissage, zincage, jusqu'à la délicate application de feuilles d'or et d'argent qui confère au métal un aspect noble et brillant.
Ornementation
livres
The arts of China after 1620
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The Arts of China after 1620 concludes a major three-volume survey that examines China's huge wealth of art, architecture and artefacts from prehistoric times to the present. Beginning with discussions of 'fine' art and painting and progressing to analysis of carving and sculpture, ceramics, glassware and textiles, the authors demonstrate how, in the age of the Emperors(...)
Histoire jusqu'à 1900, Asie
septembre 2006, New Haven / London
The arts of China after 1620
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The Arts of China after 1620 concludes a major three-volume survey that examines China's huge wealth of art, architecture and artefacts from prehistoric times to the present. Beginning with discussions of 'fine' art and painting and progressing to analysis of carving and sculpture, ceramics, glassware and textiles, the authors demonstrate how, in the age of the Emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, the 'decorative' arts rose to a prominence quite unlike the western experience. Avoiding misrepresentative categorization, they single out period styles, as well as identifying repeated phases of archaism and Buddhist art, and discuss characteristic groups of jade, ivory, ceramics, glassware and textiles. They consider the importance of the imperial workshops and their role in developing craftsmen's skills and encouraging the cross-over of techniques from different disciplines and they present the compelling influence of Emperor Qianlong's aesthetic innovations. In architecture the vast plan and overwhelming authority of the imperial buildings contrasts with the restrained subtlety of domestic architecture and garden design where magnificent rocks were the principal feature, just as in landscape painting. The survey concludes by examining the development of East/West trade and the effects of commercialization on Chinese arts and crafts. This handsome, well-illustrated book provides a scholarly and illuminating resource for all students of the arts of China.
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septembre 2006, New Haven / London
Histoire jusqu'à 1900, Asie
livres
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One of the most profound thinkers of the modern age, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) has been the subject of volumes of literature that document his life and work. Until now there has been no in-depth study devoted to Nietzsche's thoughts and impact on architecture, (...)
Nietzsche and an architecture of our minds
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One of the most profound thinkers of the modern age, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) has been the subject of volumes of literature that document his life and work. Until now there has been no in-depth study devoted to Nietzsche's thoughts and impact on architecture, specifically his far-reaching notion of an architecture commensurate with the modern mind. In the essays that comprise this book, thirteen contributors from a wide variety of disciplines (including art history, architecture and architectural theory, literature, philosophy, and city planning) assess the relationship of Nietzschean philosophy to art and architecture, elucidate frequent misunderstandings, and determine patterns of influence. The book is divided into three parts: "The Metaphors of Architecture," "Between Art, Literature, and Architecture," and "Nietzsche and the Architects." Contributors include Paolo Baldacci, the Giorgio and Isa de Chirico Foundation, Rome; Hanne Bergius, Hochschule fur Kunst und Design Burg Giebichenstein, Halle, Germany; Rolf Bothe, Kunstsammlungen zu Weimar, Germany; Claudia Brodsky Lacour, Princeton University; Tilmann Buddensieg, Humbolt-Universität Berlin; Jean-Louis Cohen, Université de Paris and Institute of Fine Arts, New York University; Karsten Harries, Yale University; Werner Hofmann, Germany; Fritz Neumeyer, Technische Universität Berlin; Léon Ploegaerts, University of Ottawa, Canada; and Anthony Vidler, University of California at Los Angeles. Edited by Alexandre Kostka and Irving Wohlfarth.
livres
juillet 1999, Los Angeles
Théorie de l’architecture
Lance Wyman: Mexico
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Widely admired for his powerful but whimsical imagery, Lance Wyman is a leading figure of contemporary graphic design. Throughout a career that spans over 50 years, Wyman has made his name by designing for museums, zoos, metro stations and the 2008 Barack Obama presidential campaign. But it was when he won a competition at age 29 to design the Mexico Olympic graphics for(...)
Lance Wyman: Mexico
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Widely admired for his powerful but whimsical imagery, Lance Wyman is a leading figure of contemporary graphic design. Throughout a career that spans over 50 years, Wyman has made his name by designing for museums, zoos, metro stations and the 2008 Barack Obama presidential campaign. But it was when he won a competition at age 29 to design the Mexico Olympic graphics for the 1968 games that Wyman launched his career; his work is now a cornerstone for understanding the visual culture of present-day Mexico. In lieu of the extravagance typical of Olympic designs, Wyman offered something refreshing, spacious and above all modern as he unwittingly entered a tumultuous and revolutionary moment in Mexican history. His bold image of a modern Mexico would last beyond the nation's moment in the international spotlight; Wyman stayed for another four years, designing graphic systems for the Mexico City Metro, Central de Abasto and Camino Real Hotel. This bilingual English-Spanish monograph is the very first retrospective publication on the designer's work. Published in conjunction with an exhibition at MUAC in Mexico City, the book celebrates the influence of Wyman's system of visual icons—work so iconic that we find its traces in the emojis available on iPhones today.
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The typical town springs up around a natural resource—a river, an ocean, an exceptionally deep harbor—or in proximity to a larger, already thriving town. Not so with “new towns,” which are created by decree rather than out of necessity and are often intended to break from the tendencies of past development. New towns aren’t a new thing—ancient Phoenicians named their(...)
Practicing Utopia: an intellectual history of the New Town movement
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The typical town springs up around a natural resource—a river, an ocean, an exceptionally deep harbor—or in proximity to a larger, already thriving town. Not so with “new towns,” which are created by decree rather than out of necessity and are often intended to break from the tendencies of past development. New towns aren’t a new thing—ancient Phoenicians named their colonies Qart Hadasht, or New City—but these utopian developments saw a resurgence in the twentieth century. 'In Practicing Utopia,' Rosemary Wakeman gives us a sweeping view of the new town movement as a global phenomenon. From Tapiola in Finland to Islamabad in Pakistan, Cergy-Pontoise in France to Irvine in California, Wakeman unspools a masterly account of the golden age of new towns, exploring their utopian qualities and investigating what these towns can tell us about contemporary modernization and urban planning. She presents the new town movement as something truly global, defying a Cold War East-West dichotomy or the north-south polarization of rich and poor countries. Wherever these new towns were located, whatever their size, whether famous or forgotten, they shared a utopian lineage and conception that, in each case, reveals how residents and planners imagined their ideal urban future.
Théorie de l’urbanisme
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How do we live well? The first sentence of ''Grace and gravity'' raises the fundamental question that constantly occupies our minds-and of all those who lived before us. Paradoxically, the impossibility of answering this question opens up the very room needed to find ways of living well. It is the gap where all disciplines fall short, where architecture does not fit its(...)
Grace and gravity: Architectures of the figure
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How do we live well? The first sentence of ''Grace and gravity'' raises the fundamental question that constantly occupies our minds-and of all those who lived before us. Paradoxically, the impossibility of answering this question opens up the very room needed to find ways of living well. It is the gap where all disciplines fall short, where architecture does not fit its inhabitants, where economy is not based on shortage, where religion cannot be explained by its followers, and where technology works far beyond its own principles. According to Lars Spuybroek, the prize-winning former architect, this marks the point where the “paradoxical machine” of grace reveals its powers, a point where we “cannot say if we are moving or being moved”. Following the trail of grace leads him to a new form of analysis that transcends the age-old opposition between appearances and technology. Linking up a dazzling and often delightful variety of sources-monkeys, paintings, lamp posts, octopuses, tattoos, bleeding fingers, rose windows, robots, smart phones, spirits, saints, and fossils-with profound meditations on living, death, consciousness, and existence, ''Grace and gravity'' offers an eye-opening provocation to a wide range of art historians, architects, theologians, anthropologists, artists, media theorists and philosophers.
Théorie de l’architecture
Logic of the collection
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In modernity, the museum was the institution that made art accessible to the broader public. An artwork was collected if it was considered beautiful, passionate, engaged, or critical—and primarily if it was deemed historically relevant. But today, with the total availability and saturation of images, the museum has lost its privileged status as the exclusive place for the(...)
Logic of the collection
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In modernity, the museum was the institution that made art accessible to the broader public. An artwork was collected if it was considered beautiful, passionate, engaged, or critical—and primarily if it was deemed historically relevant. But today, with the total availability and saturation of images, the museum has lost its privileged status as the exclusive place for the display of art. In our age of digital media, how does a particular artwork get selected for a museum collection? Which symbolic criteria must this artwork satisfy for it to obtain value? And in what ways does the institution of the museum remain relevant? 'Logic of the Collection' is framed by Boris Groys’s original and provocative proposition: an artwork is considered historically relevant if it fits the logic of the museum collection. In these critical essays, the philosopher and theorist of art and media analyzes the relationship between the logic of the collection and various modern ideologies. He reflects on the explosion of art production and distribution through the ascendency of digital media as well as the ways in which the accumulated artworks will be collected and preserved in the future, as the potential limits of public and private collections are reached.
Muséologie