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Manifeste autant qu'analyse, cet ouvrage constitue un plaidoyer pour la nécessité d'un superflu. S'élevant contre les excès du fonctionalisme ambiant, Robert Venturi montre, à l'aide de quelques deux cents exemples puisés dans le patrimoine commun des civilisations occidentales qu'une œuvre architecturale répond à plusieurs fins : il démontre qu'il est possible d'assurer(...)
De l'ambiguité en architecture
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Manifeste autant qu'analyse, cet ouvrage constitue un plaidoyer pour la nécessité d'un superflu. S'élevant contre les excès du fonctionalisme ambiant, Robert Venturi montre, à l'aide de quelques deux cents exemples puisés dans le patrimoine commun des civilisations occidentales qu'une œuvre architecturale répond à plusieurs fins : il démontre qu'il est possible d'assurer la complexité et la contradiction et, sans nuire à la fonction, de doter l'œuvre d'une ambiguïté enrichissante.
Théorie de l’architecture
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Wartime gardens are dramatic examples of what landscape architect Kenneth Helphand calls defiant gardens—gardens created in extreme social, political, economic, or cultural conditions. Illustrated with ninety-five compelling archival photographs and illustrations, some from the Gulf Wars, this remarkable book examines gardens of war in the twentieth century—a period(...)
Defiant gardens : making gardens in wartime
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Wartime gardens are dramatic examples of what landscape architect Kenneth Helphand calls defiant gardens—gardens created in extreme social, political, economic, or cultural conditions. Illustrated with ninety-five compelling archival photographs and illustrations, some from the Gulf Wars, this remarkable book examines gardens of war in the twentieth century—a period of the deadliest wars in human history—including gardens soldiers built inside and behind the trenches in World War I; gardens built in the Warsaw and other ghettos under the Nazis during World War II; gardens in the POW and civilian internment camps of both world wars; and gardens created by Japanese Americans held at U.S. internment camps during World War II. Proving that gardens are far more than peaceful respites from the outside world, "Defiant gardens" is a thought-provoking analysis of why people build and work in gardens. Helphand portrays the dramatic range of circumstances in which people have created gardens—as a means of nourishment, as a pursuit of beauty, and as an expression of hope. This history of gardens during wartime documents how gardens have humanized landscapes and experience, even under the most dire conditions.
Théorie du paysage
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Le paysage est aujourd'hui très présent, dans la sphère publique comme dans la sphère privée. Nous l'associons à nos souvenirs les plus intimes grâce à nos photos et à nos films. Nous "paysageons" nos places, nos autoroutes et nos gares TGV. En France, il entre dans les compétences de trois ministères et une Convention européenne du paysage a été adoptée à Florence en(...)
Naissance et renaissance du paysage
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Le paysage est aujourd'hui très présent, dans la sphère publique comme dans la sphère privée. Nous l'associons à nos souvenirs les plus intimes grâce à nos photos et à nos films. Nous "paysageons" nos places, nos autoroutes et nos gares TGV. En France, il entre dans les compétences de trois ministères et une Convention européenne du paysage a été adoptée à Florence en 2002. Pourtant, le mot paysage est un nouveau venu dans les langues de notre continent. Né au XVIe siècle dans les ateliers de peintres, il a mis du temps pour acquérir la place de choix qu'il occupe aujourd'hui. De là une question simple : avant, que se passait-il ? Nos lointains ancêtres étaient-ils insensibles à la vue des paysages ? Pour y répondre, Michel Baridon est remonté à l'Antiquité où il a trouvé de très beaux paysages, parfois à l'état de fragments, comme des tessons sur un champ de fouilles, parfois intacts dans des poèmes, sur les murs de villas ou même finement ciselés dans l'améthyste d'une bague. Suivant le fil du temps, il explique ensuite pourquoi le haut Moyen Age a figé le paysage en le symbolisant, et comment le retour à l'étude de la nature l'a fait renaître, triomphant, dans les écrits de Pétrarque et dans les fresques peintes par Ambrogio Lorenzetti sur les murs du Palazzo pubblico de Sienne.
Théorie du paysage
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Since its founding in 1898, the Art Commission of the City of New York (ACNY) has served as the city’s aesthetic gatekeeper, evaluating all works of art intended for display on city property. And over the years, the commission’s domain has expanded dramatically to include everything from parks and courthouses to trash cans and sidewalks. In "The politics of urban beauty",(...)
The politics of urban beauty : New York and its art commission
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Since its founding in 1898, the Art Commission of the City of New York (ACNY) has served as the city’s aesthetic gatekeeper, evaluating all works of art intended for display on city property. And over the years, the commission’s domain has expanded dramatically to include everything from parks and courthouses to trash cans and sidewalks. In "The politics of urban beauty", Michele H. Bogart argues that this unprecedented authority has made the commission host to some complex negotiations — involving artists, architects, business leaders, activists, and politicians — about not only the role of art in urban design, but also the shape and meaning of the city and its public spaces. A former vice president of the ACNY, Bogart tells its story here from an insider’s perspective, tracing the commission’s history from its origins as an outgrowth of progressive reform to its role in New York’s reconstruction after 9/11. Drawing on archival correspondence, drawings, and photographs from commission collections, Bogart presents examples of works — ranging from New Deal murals to Louis Kahn’s unbuilt Memorial to Six Million Jewish Martyrs — that illuminate the ACNY’s role in shaping New York’s identity. The Politics of Urban Beauty is thus a fascinating history of a New York art world that paralleled—and sometimes unpredictably intersected with—the more familiar realm of prominent architects, painters, galleries, and museums. Bogart’s fresh view adds a critical dimension to our understanding of “the city beautiful” and makes an important and lively contribution to the study of art history, urban design, and New York City itself.
Théorie de l’urbanisme
The plan of Chicago
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Arguably the most influential document in the history of urban planning, Daniel Burnham’s 1909 Plan of Chicago, coauthored by Edward Bennett and produced in collaboration with the Commercial Club of Chicago, proposed many of the city’s most distinctive features, including its lakefront parks and roadways, the Magnificent Mile, and Navy Pier. Carl Smith’s history reveals(...)
The plan of Chicago
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Arguably the most influential document in the history of urban planning, Daniel Burnham’s 1909 Plan of Chicago, coauthored by Edward Bennett and produced in collaboration with the Commercial Club of Chicago, proposed many of the city’s most distinctive features, including its lakefront parks and roadways, the Magnificent Mile, and Navy Pier. Carl Smith’s history reveals the Plan’s central role in shaping the ways people envision the cityscape and urban life itself. Smith’s narrative begins with a survey of Chicago’s stunning rise from a tiny frontier settlement to the nation’s second-largest city. He then offers an illuminating exploration of the Plan’s creation and reveals how it embodies the renowned architect’s belief that cities can and must be remade for the better. The Plan defined the City Beautiful movement and was the first comprehensive attempt to reimagine a major American city. Smith points out the ways the Plan continues to influence debates, even a century after its publication, about how to create a vibrant and habitable urban environment.
Théorie de l’urbanisme
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Rapid urban growth and suburban sprawl have heightened concern in many quarters about sustainable development. Are economic growth and environmental health always mutually exclusive goals? Nearly everyone would choose to pursue both given the chance, but many believe that it would be overly optimistic — perhaps naïve — to expect both. "Green city" proponents, however, do(...)
Green cities : urban growth and the environment
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Rapid urban growth and suburban sprawl have heightened concern in many quarters about sustainable development. Are economic growth and environmental health always mutually exclusive goals? Nearly everyone would choose to pursue both given the chance, but many believe that it would be overly optimistic — perhaps naïve — to expect both. "Green city" proponents, however, do hope to realize both ambitions. What exactly is a green city? What does it mean to say that San Francisco is greener than Houston, or that Vancouver is a green city while Beijing is not? When does urban growth lower environmental quality, and when does it produce environmental gains? These are the questions that drive this smart and engaging book. In "Green cities", Matthew Kahn surveys the burgeoning economic literature on the environmental consequences of urban growth. He discusses the environmental Kuznets curve, which theorizes that the relationship between environmental quality and per capita income follows a bell-shaped curve. The heart of the book unpacks and expands this notion by tracing the environmental effects of economic growth, population growth, and suburban sprawl. Kahn considers how cities can deal with the environmental challenges produced by growth. His concluding chapter addresses the role of cities in promoting climate change and asks how cities in turn are likely to be affected by this trend. Kahn considers the evidence for and against rival perspectives throughout the book. Despite being labeled as purveyors of a "dismal science," economists are often quite optimistic about the relationship between urban development and the environment. In contrast, many ecologists remain wary of the environmental consequences of free-market growth. "Green cities" does not try to settle this dispute. Instead, it marshals data and arguments to convey the excitement of an ongoing debate, enabling readers to formulate well-informed opinions and priorities on this critically important issue.
Théorie de l’urbanisme
La revanche des villes
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"On a longtemps pensé que l’ère des villes était close : victimes de la postmodernité et de la fin de l’industrialisation, rendues caduques par l’avènement de la communication en réseaux, elles auraient été supplantées par la souplesse des flux. Or notre époque est au contraire celle de la revanche des villes : non seulement les villes persistent, mais elles renforcent(...)
La revanche des villes
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"On a longtemps pensé que l’ère des villes était close : victimes de la postmodernité et de la fin de l’industrialisation, rendues caduques par l’avènement de la communication en réseaux, elles auraient été supplantées par la souplesse des flux. Or notre époque est au contraire celle de la revanche des villes : non seulement les villes persistent, mais elles renforcent leur identité et leur emprise. Plus que jamais s’impose une nouvelle civilisation urbaine : il y avait 800 millions d’urbains en 1950, 5 milliards sont prévus en 2030. Si la ville est bien l’un des acteurs majeurs de la mondialisation, le développement de l’emploi, l’équilibre social résidentiel, la sécurité des habitants, la gestion des mobilités, la sauvegarde de l’environnement s’affirment comme des objectifs communs à toutes les grandes villes contemporaines, du Nord comme du Sud. Plus centrales, davantage soumises à une exigence de participation des habitants, nos villes sont en outre plus vulnérables, au point de devenir parfois la cible de nouvelles formes de terrorisme. Comment dès lors parvenir à un gouvernement de la ville qui puisse assumer ces défis tout en faisant droit à une exigence démocratique renouvelée?"
Théorie de l’urbanisme
livres
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Les journées rencontre «Réinventer le territoire par l'architecture» ont été portées par le refus de l'autisme, cette maladie maligne des établissements de formation tentés par le repli sur eux-mêmes. En partageant un bout de chemin, l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Bretagne et la Région Bretagne ont découvert qu'elles avaient partie liée : un territoire(...)
Théorie de l’urbanisme
novembre 2006, Rennes
Réinventer le territoire par l'architecture
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Les journées rencontre «Réinventer le territoire par l'architecture» ont été portées par le refus de l'autisme, cette maladie maligne des établissements de formation tentés par le repli sur eux-mêmes. En partageant un bout de chemin, l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Bretagne et la Région Bretagne ont découvert qu'elles avaient partie liée : un territoire commun, l'ardente obligation de l'investir de projets. S'est ainsi forgée une volonté partagée : côté institution de formation de contribuer à concevoir autrement les littoraux et les territoires régionaux, côté gouvernement régional de mobiliser les viviers de concepteurs et d'experts que constituent les univers des enseignants professionnels et des chercheurs. Le terme rencontre retenu vise à désigner une ambition démocratique de débats sur l'aménagement, souhaitée par les élus. Rencontre qui ne consacre ni à un quelconque retour à la bretonnité, ni au régionalisme ; elle saisit le fait littoral armoricain comme une situation limite mais non exceptionnelle : la disponibilité des espaces y est plus parcimonieuse qu'ailleurs. Rencontre fédératrice de compétences et foyer de diffusion, elle a vocation à stimuler réciproquement ceux qui pensent et ceux qui agissent sur le futur des territoires.
livres
novembre 2006, Rennes
Théorie de l’urbanisme
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For Siegfried Kracauer, the urban ornament was not just an aspect of design; it was the medium through which city dwellers interpreted the metropolis itself. In "Ornaments of the metropolis", Henrik Reeh traces variations on the theme of the ornament in Kracauer's writings on urbanism, from his early journalism in Germany between the wars to his "sociobiography" of(...)
Ornaments of the metropolis : Siegfried Kracuaer and the Modern urban culture
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For Siegfried Kracauer, the urban ornament was not just an aspect of design; it was the medium through which city dwellers interpreted the metropolis itself. In "Ornaments of the metropolis", Henrik Reeh traces variations on the theme of the ornament in Kracauer's writings on urbanism, from his early journalism in Germany between the wars to his "sociobiography" of Jacques Offenbach in Paris. Kracauer (1889-1966), often associated with the Frankfurt School and the intellectual milieu of Walter Benjamin, is best known for his writings on cinema and the philosophy of history. Reeh examines Kracauer's lesser-known early work, much of it written for the trendsetting newspaper Frankfurter Zeitung in the 1920s and early 1930s, and analyzes Kracauer's continuing reflections on modern urban life, through the pivotal idea of ornament. Kracauer deciphers the subjective experience of the city by viewing fragments of the city as dynamic ornaments; an employment exchange, a day shelter for the homeless, a movie theater, and an amusement park become urban microcosms. Reeh focuses on three substantial works written by Kracauer before his emigration to the United States in 1940. In the early autobiographical novel "Ginster, written by himself", a young architect finds aesthetic pleasure in the ornamental forms that are largely unused in the profession of the time. The collection "Streets of Berlin and elsewhere", with many essays from Kracauer's years in Berlin, documents the subjectiveness of urban life. Finally, "Jacques Offenbach and the Paris of his time" shows how the superficial - in a sense, ornamental - milieu of the operetta evolved into a critical force during the Second Empire. Reeh argues that Kracauer's novel, essays, and historiography all suggest ways in which the subjective can reappropriate urban life. The book also includes a series of photographs by the author that reflect the ornamental experience of the metropolis in Paris, Frankfurt, and other cities.
Théorie de l’urbanisme
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In this long-awaited work, Dalibor Vesely proposes an alternative to the narrow vision of contemporary architecture as a discipline that can be treated as an instrument or commodity. In doing so, he offers an account of the ontological and cultural foundations of modern architecture and, consequently, of the nature and cultural role of architecture through history.(...)
Théorie de l’architecture
octobre 2006, Cambridge (MA), London
Architecture in the age of divided representation : the question of creativity in the shadow of production
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In this long-awaited work, Dalibor Vesely proposes an alternative to the narrow vision of contemporary architecture as a discipline that can be treated as an instrument or commodity. In doing so, he offers an account of the ontological and cultural foundations of modern architecture and, consequently, of the nature and cultural role of architecture through history. Vesely's argument, structured as a critical dialogue, discovers the first plausible anticipation of modernity in the formation of Renaissance perspective. Understanding this notion of perspective against the background of the medieval philosophy of light, he argues, leads to an understanding of architectural space as formed by typical human situations and by light before it is structured geometrically. The central part of the book addresses the question of divided representation - the tension between the instrumental and the communicative roles of architecture - in the period of the baroque, when architectural thinking was seriously challenged by the emergence of modern science. Vesely argues that to resolve the dilemma of modernity - reconciling the inventions and achievements of modern technology with the human condition and the natural world - we can turn to architecture and its latent capacity to reconcile different levels of reality, its ability to relate abstract ideas and conceptual structures to the concrete situations of everyday life. Vesely sees the restoration of this communicative role of architecture as the key to the restoration of architecture as the topological and corporeal foundation of culture; what the book is to our literacy, he argues, architecture is to culture as a whole. He concludes by proposing a new poetics of architecture that will serve as a framework for the restoration of the humanistic role of architecture in the age of technology.
Théorie de l’architecture